Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology and Sports Science, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
Sleep Med Rev. 2012 Feb;16(1):5-14. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.02.002. Epub 2011 May 18.
Despite significant contributions made in the area of persistent/chronic insomnia, especially with regard to the underlying mechanisms driving its maintenance, the area of acute insomnia has received comparatively little attention. The aim of this paper is to review the literature with regard to understanding the situational and personaological circumstances that surround the development of acute insomnia. The review begins by examining how the existing diagnostic systems conceptualise acute insomnia. Theoretical models that explain, or inferentially explain, the transition between normal sleep and acute insomnia are then explored and evaluated. The review then examines the current evidence base in terms of the pathogenesis of acute insomnia from naturalistic and experimental studies. Overall, the findings from the review confirm the paucity of evidence available but perhaps more importantly highlight the need for a structured diagnosis of acute insomnia as the first step in a research and treatment strategy. To this end a diagnostic system, drawing on the existing literature on stress and the systems used to diagnose depression, is forwarded and justified and a research agenda advanced.
尽管在持续性/慢性失眠领域做出了重大贡献，特别是在推动其维持的潜在机制方面，但急性失眠领域相对较少受到关注。本文旨在综述有关理解急性失眠发展的情境和人格因素的文献。该综述首先研究了现有的诊断系统如何概念化急性失眠。然后探讨和评估了解释或推断正常睡眠和急性失眠之间转变的理论模型。接着，该综述从自然和实验研究的角度检查了急性失眠发病机制的当前证据基础。总的来说，综述的结果证实了现有证据的缺乏，但更重要的是，强调了需要对急性失眠进行结构化诊断，作为研究和治疗策略的第一步。为此，提出并论证了一个诊断系统，该系统借鉴了关于压力的现有文献和用于诊断抑郁症的系统，并提出了一个研究议程。
