Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011 Jun;58(3):555-69. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.011.
Bedtime struggles, delayed sleep onset, and problematic night wakings are extremely common in the pediatric population, and have a significant impact on quality of life of both children and caregivers. This article reviews the research and clinical nosology of childhood insomnia, prevalence, and etiologic factors in infants, children, and adolescents. Clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment, both behavioral and pharmacologic, of the most common types of pediatric insomnia are presented. Insomnia in special populations, particularly children with chronic medical, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorders, is discussed. Future directions in childhood insomnia are presented.
儿童群体中非常常见的是入睡困难、入睡时间延迟和夜间问题性觉醒，这对儿童和照顾者的生活质量都有重大影响。本文回顾了儿童失眠的研究和临床分类学、婴儿、儿童和青少年的患病率和病因因素。介绍了最常见类型的儿科失眠的临床表现、评估和治疗，包括行为和药物治疗。讨论了特殊人群中的失眠，特别是患有慢性医学、精神和神经发育障碍的儿童。介绍了儿童失眠的未来方向。
