School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Jul;66(7):1609-16. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr183. Epub 2011 May 19.
The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial prescribing in nursing homes in countries across Europe.
Point prevalence studies were completed in April and November 2009 in 85 nursing homes in 15 European countries and two UK administrations.
A total of 10,388 and 9430 residents participated in April and November 2009, respectively. The mean prevalence of antimicrobial prescribing in the nursing homes was 6.5% in April and 5.0% in November. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were methenamine (17.5%), trimethoprim (11.4%) and co-amoxiclav (11.1%) in April and co-amoxiclav (12.2%), nitrofurantoin (12.2%) and methenamine (11.5%) in November. There was large variation in the overall mean antimicrobial prescribing in the selected nursing homes from each of the contributing countries, ranging from 1.4% in Germany and Latvia to 19.4% in Northern Ireland in April and 1.2% in Latvia to 13.4% in Finland in November. Furthermore, differences in prescribing were apparent within countries with the largest variation evident in nursing homes in Northern Ireland (21.5%) in April and Finland in November (30.1%).
This is the first study to investigate antimicrobial prescribing in nursing homes in a large number of European countries. The findings suggest that there is considerable variation in antimicrobial prescribing in nursing homes across and within European countries. Nursing homes provide a significant service to the European community and must be supported in order to optimize antimicrobial use and limit the development of antimicrobial resistance.
本研究旨在调查欧洲各国养老院的抗菌药物处方情况。
2009 年 4 月和 11 月，在欧洲 15 个国家和英国两个行政区的 85 家养老院进行了时点患病率研究。
分别有 10388 名和 9430 名居民参加了 2009 年 4 月和 11 月的研究。4 月和 11 月养老院抗菌药物处方的平均流行率分别为 6.5%和 5.0%。最常开的抗菌药物分别为 4 月的乌洛托品（17.5%）、甲氧苄啶（11.4%）和复方阿莫西林（11.1%）以及 11 月的复方阿莫西林（12.2%）、呋喃妥因（12.2%）和乌洛托品（11.5%）。从每个参与国家中选择的养老院来看，总体平均抗菌药物处方的差异很大，范围从德国和拉脱维亚的 1.4%到北爱尔兰的 19.4%（4 月）和拉脱维亚的 1.2%到芬兰的 13.4%（11 月）。此外，在不同国家之间也存在着明显的差异，其中以 4 月北爱尔兰和 11 月芬兰的养老院差异最大（分别为 21.5%和 30.1%）。
这是首次在大量欧洲国家调查养老院的抗菌药物处方情况。研究结果表明，欧洲各国养老院的抗菌药物处方存在相当大的差异。养老院为欧洲社区提供了重要的服务，必须得到支持，以优化抗菌药物的使用，限制抗菌药物耐药性的发展。
