Hara Kazuo, Yamao Kenji, Mizuno Nobumasa, Hijioka Susumu, Sawaki Akira, Tajika Masahiro, Kawai Hiroki, Kondo Shinya, Shimizu Yasuhiro, Niwa Yasumasa
Kazuo Hara, Kenji Yamao, Nobumasa Mizuno, Susumu Hijioka, Akira Sawaki, Masahiro Tajika, Hiroki Kawai, Shinya Kondo, Yasumasa Niwa, Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
World J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb 10;2(2):108-14. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v2.i2.108.
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) represents the combination of endoscopy and intraluminal ultrasonography. This allows use of a high-frequency transducer (5-20 MHz) that, due to the short distance to the target lesion, provides ultrasonographic images of higher resolution than those obtained from other imaging modalities, including multiple-detector-row-computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. EUS is now a widely accepted modality for diagnosing pancreatic diseases. However, the most important limitation of EUS has been the lack of specificity in differentiating between benign and malignant changes. In 1992, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of lesions in the pancreas head was introduced into clinical practice, using a curved linear-array echoendoscope. Since then, EUS has evolved from EUS imaging to EUS-FNA and wider applications. Interventional EUS for pancreatic cancer includes EUS-FNA, EUS-guided fine needle injection, EUS-guided biliary drainage and anastomosis, EUS-guided celiac neurolysis, radiofrequency ablation, brachytherapy, and delivery of a growing number of anti-tumor agents. This review focuses on interventional EUS, including EUS-FNA and therapeutic EUS for pancreatic cancer.
内镜超声检查（EUS）是内镜检查与腔内超声检查的结合。这使得可以使用高频探头（5 - 20兆赫兹），由于其与目标病变的距离较短，能提供比包括多排探测器计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描在内的其他成像方式获得的更高分辨率的超声图像。EUS现在是诊断胰腺疾病广泛接受的一种方式。然而，EUS最重要的局限性在于在区分良性和恶性病变方面缺乏特异性。1992年，使用弯曲线阵超声内镜将胰腺头部病变的EUS引导下细针穿刺抽吸（FNA）引入临床实践。从那时起，EUS已从EUS成像发展到EUS - FNA及更广泛的应用。胰腺癌的介入性EUS包括EUS - FNA、EUS引导下细针注射、EUS引导下胆道引流和吻合术、EUS引导下腹腔神经丛毁损、射频消融、近距离放射治疗以及越来越多抗肿瘤药物的递送。本综述重点关注介入性EUS，包括胰腺癌的EUS - FNA和治疗性EUS。
