Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Northeast, MS C-09, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2011 Aug;13(4):374-9. doi: 10.1007/s11908-011-0195-7.
During the past decade, monovalent serogroup C and quadrivalent (serogroups A, C, W135, Y) meningococcal vaccination programs have been introduced in multiple industrialized countries. Many of these programs have been successful in reducing the burden of disease due to vaccine-preventable serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis in target age groups. As a result, disease burden in these countries has decreased and is primarily serogroup B, which is not vaccine preventable. Despite the success of these programs, meningococcal disease continues to occur and there is always concern that serogroup C organisms will adapt their virulence mechanisms to escape pressure from vaccination. This review highlights the current epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe and United States, as well as genetic mechanisms that may affect virulence of serogroup C strains and effectiveness of new vaccines.
在过去的十年中，单价血清群 C 和四价（血清群 A、C、W135 和 Y）脑膜炎球菌疫苗接种计划已在多个工业化国家推出。其中许多计划成功地降低了目标年龄组中可通过疫苗预防的脑膜炎奈瑟菌血清群的疾病负担。因此，这些国家的疾病负担已经下降，主要是不可通过疫苗预防的血清群 B。尽管这些计划取得了成功，但脑膜炎球菌病仍在继续发生，人们一直担心血清群 C 病原体将调整其毒力机制以逃避疫苗接种的压力。这篇综述强调了欧洲和美国目前脑膜炎球菌病的流行病学，以及可能影响血清群 C 菌株毒力和新型疫苗有效性的遗传机制。
