Department of Technology and Society, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA.
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2011 Apr;17(2):134-43. doi: 10.1037/a0023806.
Two studies tested the hypotheses that positive and negative attitudes toward minority groups are not interchangeable in predicting positive versus negative behaviors toward those groups. In Study 1, positive attitudes about Latinos were a better predictor of a positive behavior toward Latinos than were negative attitudes or stereotyped positive attitudes. In Study 2, positive attitudes about African Americans were a better predictor of positive behavioral intentions toward that group than were negative attitudes, whereas negative attitudes were better predictors of negative behavioral intentions than were positive attitudes. Taken together, the studies support the perspective that positive and negative attitudes toward minority groups are theoretically and functionally distinct constructs. We conclude that it is important to measure both positive and negative attitudes to understand and predict behaviors toward minority groups.
积极和消极的群体态度在预测对这些群体的积极和消极行为方面并非可以相互替换。在研究 1 中，对拉丁裔的积极态度比对拉丁裔的积极行为具有更好的预测性，而消极态度或刻板的积极态度则不然。在研究 2 中，对非裔美国人的积极态度比对该群体的积极行为意向具有更好的预测性，而消极态度则比积极态度更能预测消极行为意向。总的来说，这些研究支持这样一种观点，即对少数群体的积极和消极态度在理论上和功能上是不同的构念。我们得出的结论是，测量积极和消极的态度对于理解和预测对少数群体的行为很重要。
