Murai Chizuko, Tanaka Masayuki, Sakagami Masamichi
Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan 194-8610.
J Comp Psychol. 2011 May;125(2):216-26. doi: 10.1037/a0022099.
Nonhuman primates, like humans, have demonstrated various physical intuitions. Cacchione and Krist (2004) examined chimpanzees' intuitions about support relations with the violation-of-expectation task. They reported that the chimpanzees possessed intuitions about support, but their intuitions differed from those of humans in part; they were sensitive to "contact/no-contact" and "amount of contact" but not "type of contact" rule. To further explore intuitions about support in nonhuman primates, we conducted similar experiments on monkeys (Japanese monkeys) and apes (chimpanzees). In three experiments, we presented physically possible and impossible events of different support relations to the participants and measured their looking times. The results reveal that the chimpanzees and monkeys detect the violations of "contact/no-contact" and "amount of contact" but not "type of contact" variable. Therefore, the apes and monkeys possess similar intuitions; however, these intuitions differ in part from those of humans. The present study provides new and corroborative evidence of intuitions about support in nonhuman primates. However, this again leads to the question of distinctive understanding about support relations among primate species.
与人类一样，非人类灵长类动物也展现出了各种物理直觉。卡乔内和克里斯特（2004年）用违背预期任务研究了黑猩猩对支撑关系的直觉。他们报告称，黑猩猩具有支撑方面的直觉，但部分与人类的直觉有所不同；它们对“接触/非接触”和“接触量”敏感，而对“接触类型”规则不敏感。为了进一步探究非人类灵长类动物对支撑的直觉，我们对猴子（日本猕猴）和猿类（黑猩猩）进行了类似实验。在三个实验中，我们向参与者呈现了不同支撑关系的物理上可能和不可能的事件，并测量了它们的注视时间。结果显示，黑猩猩和猴子能察觉到“接触/非接触”和“接触量”的违背情况，但对“接触类型”变量不敏感。因此，猿类和猴子具有相似的直觉；然而，这些直觉部分与人类的不同。本研究为非人类灵长类动物对支撑的直觉提供了新的确证证据。然而，这再次引发了关于灵长类物种对支撑关系独特理解的问题。
