Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Arizona Center for Research and Outreach, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0078, USA.
Psychol Rev. 2011 Jul;118(3):496-521. doi: 10.1037/a0024043.
Decades of research demonstrate that conflict shapes and permeates a broad range of family processes. In the current article, we argue that greater insight, integration of knowledge, and empirical achievement in the study of family conflict can be realized by utilizing a powerful theory from evolutionary biology that is barely known within psychology: parent-offspring conflict theory (POCT). In the current article, we articulate POCT for psychological scientists, extend its scope by connecting it to the broader framework of life history theory, and draw out its implications for understanding conflict within human families. We specifically apply POCT to 2 instances of early mother-offspring interaction (prenatal conflict and weaning conflict); discuss the effects of genetic relatedness on behavioral conflict between parents, children, and their siblings; review the emerging literature on parent-offspring conflict over the choice of mates and spouses; and examine parent-offspring conflict from the perspective of imprinted genes. This review demonstrates the utility of POCT, not only for explaining what is known about conflict within families but also for generating novel hypotheses, suggesting new lines of research, and moving us toward the "big picture" by integrating across biological and psychological domains of knowledge.
几十年来的研究表明，冲突塑造并贯穿于广泛的家庭过程中。在当前的文章中，我们认为通过利用进化生物学中的一个强大理论——亲代-后代冲突理论（POCT），可以在家庭冲突研究中获得更深入的见解、知识的整合和经验的成果，而这个理论在心理学领域鲜为人知。在当前的文章中，我们为心理科学家阐明了 POCT，通过将其与更广泛的生活史理论框架联系起来，扩展了其范围，并得出了其对理解人类家庭内部冲突的意义。我们特别将 POCT 应用于 2 个早期母婴互动的实例（产前冲突和断奶冲突）；讨论了遗传关联性对父母、孩子及其兄弟姐妹之间行为冲突的影响；回顾了关于配偶选择和伴侣选择中亲代-后代冲突的新兴文献；并从印记基因的角度考察了亲代-后代冲突。这篇综述展示了 POCT 的实用性，不仅可以解释家庭内部冲突的已知情况，还可以产生新的假设，提出新的研究方向，并通过整合生物学和心理学领域的知识，帮助我们了解“大局”。
