Sehra Medical Centre, 29 NWA, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi 110026, India.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2011 Nov;10(6):851-61. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2011.583234. Epub 2011 May 23.
Sulfonylureas (SUs) are the most commonly prescribed medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide. Differences among SUs for kinetic and adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium (KATP) channels selectivity and consequential extrapancreatic effects, although recognized in literature, are not considered by treatment guidelines.
The roles of SUs in various system-related adverse effects have not been well understood. Inconsistencies in the literature and lack of clinical trials assessing the long-term effects of monotherapy or combination therapy with SUs add to the concern. This review provides insights in issues concerning safety of SUs based on literature published between 1980 and 2011. A comprehensive search was carried out on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases using the search terms: sulfonylureas, sulfonylureas and KATP channels, sulfonylureas and cardiovascular (CV) effects and sulfonylureas side effects.
SUs have been linked to CV events, growth hormone (GH) disorder, malignancy, weight gain, erectile dysfunction and central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects. These adverse effects generally get masked as they are thought to be related to diabetes per se. The current article will allow the fraternity to ponder and undertake further research on the ill effects of largely prescribed antidiabetic medication.
磺酰脲类药物（SUs）是目前全球治疗 2 型糖尿病最常用的药物。虽然文献中已经认识到 SUs 在动力学和三磷酸腺苷敏感钾（KATP）通道选择性方面存在差异，以及由此产生的胰腺外作用，但治疗指南并未考虑这些差异。
SUs 在各种与系统相关的不良反应中的作用尚未得到很好的理解。文献中的不一致以及缺乏评估 SUs 单药或联合治疗长期效果的临床试验，增加了人们的担忧。这篇综述基于 1980 年至 2011 年期间发表的文献，提供了有关 SUs 安全性问题的见解。在 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane 数据库中使用以下搜索词进行了全面检索：磺酰脲类药物、磺酰脲类药物和 KATP 通道、磺酰脲类药物和心血管（CV）作用以及磺酰脲类药物的副作用。
SUs 与心血管事件、生长激素（GH）紊乱、恶性肿瘤、体重增加、勃起功能障碍和中枢神经系统（CNS）不良反应有关。这些不良反应通常被掩盖，因为人们认为它们与糖尿病本身有关。这篇文章将使医学界同仁思考并进一步研究广泛应用的抗糖尿病药物的不良影响。
