血液透析中的感染：简明综述 - 第1部分：菌血症和呼吸道感染
Infections in hemodialysis: a concise review - Part 1: bacteremia and respiratory infections.
作者信息
Eleftheriadis T, Liakopoulos V, Leivaditis K, Antoniadi G, Stefanidis I
机构信息
Nephrology Department, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
出版信息
Hippokratia. 2011 Jan;15(1):12-7.
Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) patients are particularly predisposed to infections. It seems that the HD procedure per se as well as disturbances in both innate and adaptive immunity significantly contribute to this susceptibility. Infections are the major cause of morbidity and the second cause of death following cardiovascular events in HD patients. Episodes of bacteremia and pneumonia account for the majority of severe infections in this population. In addition to these bacterial infections another common problem in HD units is the blood transmitted viral infections, particularly infections caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus. A number of safety concerns exist for limiting the spread of these viral infections among HD patients and the staff of the unit. The aim of the present review is to present in a concise albeit practical form the difficult aspect of infections in HD. For practical reasons the review is separated in two parts. The present first part covers bacteremia and respiratory infections, while the second part will cover blood transmitted viral infections.
摘要
血液透析（HD）患者特别容易发生感染。似乎血液透析程序本身以及先天免疫和适应性免疫的紊乱都在很大程度上导致了这种易感性。感染是血液透析患者发病的主要原因，也是继心血管事件之后的第二大死亡原因。菌血症和肺炎发作占该人群严重感染的大部分。除了这些细菌感染外，血液透析单元中的另一个常见问题是血液传播的病毒感染，特别是由乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒引起的感染。对于限制这些病毒感染在血液透析患者和该单元工作人员之间的传播，存在一些安全问题。本综述的目的是以简洁但实用的形式呈现血液透析中感染的难点。出于实际原因，本综述分为两部分。第一部分涵盖菌血症和呼吸道感染，而第二部分将涵盖血液传播的病毒感染。
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