Aust D E, Rüschoff J
Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01309, Dresden, Deutschland.
Pathologe. 2011 Jul;32(4):297-302. doi: 10.1007/s00292-011-1435-1.
Non-neoplastic and non-hamartomatous colorectal polyps or tumor-like lesions comprise a very heterogeneous group of changes in the colorectal mucosa or the colon wall. Mucosal prolapse-associated lesions and inflammatory polyps, which are predominantly associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, are the most prominent examples for polypoid lesions difficult to distinguish from neoplastic lesions such as adenomas, hyperplastic/serrated polyps/adenomas and invasive carcinomas. The considerably less frequent tumor-like lesions like heterotopias, endometriosis, amyloid tumors and pseudolipomatous changes are histologically often well defined and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of colorectal lesions. The etiology, endoscopic and histological appearance of these entities and their most important differential diagnoses are discussed.
非肿瘤性和非错构瘤性结直肠息肉或肿瘤样病变包括结直肠黏膜或结肠壁的一组非常异质性的改变。黏膜脱垂相关病变和炎性息肉主要与慢性炎症性肠病相关，是最突出的息肉样病变例子，难以与肿瘤性病变如腺瘤、增生性/锯齿状息肉/腺瘤和浸润性癌区分开来。像异位、子宫内膜异位症、淀粉样瘤和假脂肪瘤样改变等频率低得多的肿瘤样病变在组织学上通常定义明确，在结直肠病变的鉴别诊断中应予以考虑。本文讨论了这些实体的病因、内镜和组织学表现及其最重要的鉴别诊断。
