Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Cancer Treat Rev. 2012 Apr;38(2):152-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.04.008. Epub 2011 May 25.
Altered food relationships in people receiving chemotherapy are prevalent and distressing. Whether, or to what extent, taste perception and food hedonics plays in altered food relationships is unknown among people receiving chemotherapy. This two-armed systematic review addressed the question "Does chemotherapy influence taste perception and hedonic experience of food?"
A systematic review was undertaken of (1) taste perception and (2) food hedonics. Search phrases used in the taste arm were: "chemotherapy AND taste", and in the food hedonics arm, "chemotherapy AND (liking OR food OR appetite OR hedonic(∗))". Databases searched were PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. English language, peer-reviewed publications investigating adults (>18years) receiving chemotherapy as the only cancer treatment were eligible.
One hundred and sixty three papers were screened in the taste arm, of which eight (5%) met inclusion criteria. Nine hundred and seventy two papers were screened in the food hedonics arm of which 25 (3%) met inclusion criteria. Chemotherapy had variable influence on both taste sensitivity and perceived intensity of the taste qualities sweet, salty, sour and bitter. Liking of food and drink decreased after chemotherapy treatment commenced. Caffeinated foods and drinks, red meat and citrus fruits or juices were most frequently reported as aversive during chemotherapy. A reduction in appetite was reported between baseline (pre-chemotherapy) and cycles 1-3 of chemotherapy with no further worsening in latter chemotherapy cycles and an improvement after completion of chemotherapy treatment.
There was a lack of consistency of results between studies due to differences in study design, chemotherapy regimen, tumor type and stage of treatment examined. These results provide insufficient evidence to suggest chemotherapy has a significant or consistent influence on taste. There is a consistent, albeit small, body of evidence indicating food liking and appetite are adversely affected by chemotherapy and some evidence that declines in liking and appetite are reversed over time. Overall, more longitudinal studies of specific classes of chemotherapy drugs are required to accurately define the nature, magnitude and time course of taste, food liking and appetite changes over the treatment trajectory.
接受化疗的人群中普遍存在且令人痛苦的食物关系改变。味觉感知和食物愉悦感在接受化疗的人群中对食物关系的改变有多大程度的影响尚不清楚。这项双臂系统评价旨在解决“化疗是否会影响味觉感知和食物的愉悦体验？”这一问题。
对（1）味觉感知和（2）食物愉悦感进行了系统评价。味觉组使用的搜索短语是：“化疗 AND 味觉”，而在食物愉悦组中，使用的搜索短语是：“化疗 AND（喜欢 OR 食物 OR 食欲 OR 愉悦感（∗））”。搜索的数据库包括 PsycINFO、PubMed、Medline、CINAHL、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 图书馆。符合条件的研究是英语同行评审出版物，研究对象为接受化疗作为唯一癌症治疗的成年人（>18 岁）。
在味觉组中筛选出 163 篇论文，其中 8 篇（5%）符合纳入标准。在食物愉悦组中筛选出 972 篇论文，其中 25 篇（3%）符合纳入标准。化疗对味觉敏感性和感知到的甜味、咸味、酸味和苦味的强度有不同的影响。化疗开始后，对食物和饮料的喜爱程度下降。在化疗期间，最常报告的令人厌恶的食物和饮料是含咖啡因的食物和饮料、红色肉类和柑橘类水果或果汁。与化疗前（化疗前）和化疗第 1-3 周期相比，报告的食欲下降，而在后几个化疗周期中没有进一步恶化，并在化疗结束后得到改善。
由于研究设计、化疗方案、肿瘤类型和治疗阶段的不同，研究结果之间缺乏一致性。这些结果提供的证据不足以表明化疗对味觉有显著或一致的影响。有大量一致的证据表明，食物的喜爱程度和食欲受到化疗的不利影响，有一些证据表明，随着时间的推移，喜爱程度和食欲的下降是可以逆转的。总体而言，需要更多针对特定类别的化疗药物的纵向研究，以准确定义味觉、食物喜好和食欲在治疗过程中的变化的性质、程度和时间过程。
