High-resolution chemical imaging through tissue with an X-ray scintillator sensor.

We describe a novel method for high-resolution chemical imaging on a surface embedded in tissue. The sensor surface consists of an X-ray scintillator film coated in a thin film loaded with chemical indicator dye. A narrow scanning X-ray beam is used to excite luminescence from X-ray scintillators located within the beam. This luminescence passes through the indicator film, and the spectrum is analyzed to measure chemical concentrations at that location. A pH sensor is demonstrated with a dynamic range between pH 6-9 and noise level of 0.05 pH units using methyl-red dyed pH paper. The location of the interface between two types of scintillator films is obtained with 0.30 mm spatial resolution even though the images are highly blurred by 10 mm of chicken breast. This work has important applications for detecting pH changes on surfaces of implanted medical devices.