Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
J Affect Disord. 2011 Oct;133(3):428-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.040. Epub 2011 May 28.
The hypomanic personality style is a risk factor for bipolar spectrum disorders and shares many cognitive and affective features with the bipolar spectrum. Schema theory may serve as a unifying theory that would explain many of these features. This study is an exploratory investigation of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) in association with the hypomanic personality and bipolar spectrum risk.
A sample of 966 participants completed the Young Schema Questionnaire, the Hypomanic Personality Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Associations were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Participants deemed at risk of developing a bipolar disorder (N=107) were compared to low-risk controls (N=681).
The Entitlement/Grandiosity and Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline positively predicted the risk of developing a bipolar disorder, while Emotional Inhibition negatively predicted risk. High-risk participants demonstrated higher mean scores on all EMSs except Emotional Inhibition. These three EMSs, combined with Vulnerability to Harm or Illness, significantly predicted group membership.
A bipolar spectrum EMS profile was identified, consisting of Entitlement/Grandiosity, Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline and the absence of Emotional Inhibition. These EMSs are highly consistent with characteristics of the bipolar spectrum. This study supports the application of schema theory to the hypomanic personality and bipolar spectrum. Future research should explore the possible interaction between EMSs, life events and affective symptoms and the applicability of schema therapy to the bipolar spectrum.
轻躁狂人格风格是双相谱系障碍的一个风险因素，与双相谱系共享许多认知和情感特征。图式理论可以作为一种统一的理论，解释许多这些特征。本研究是对早期适应不良图式（EMSs）与轻躁狂人格和双相谱系风险的关系进行的探索性研究。
966 名参与者完成了 Young 图式问卷、轻躁狂人格量表和患者健康问卷。使用单变量和多变量分析来研究关联。被认为有发展为双相障碍风险的参与者（N=107）与低风险对照组（N=681）进行比较。
entitlement/grandiosity 和 insufficient self-control/self-discipline 对发展为双相障碍的风险呈正预测，而 emotional inhibition 对风险呈负预测。高风险组在所有 EMSs 上的平均得分均高于低风险组，除了 emotional inhibition。这三个 EMSs 加上对伤害或疾病的脆弱性，显著预测了组别的归属。
确定了一个双相谱 EMS 特征，包括 entitlement/grandiosity、insufficient self-control/self-discipline 和 absence of emotional inhibition。这些 EMSs 与双相谱的特征高度一致。本研究支持图式理论在轻躁狂人格和双相谱中的应用。未来的研究应探讨 EMSs、生活事件和情感症状之间的可能相互作用，以及图式疗法对双相谱的适用性。
