Plant Reproductive Genetics, GCOE Research Group, Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2011 Jul;52(7):1249-57. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcr066. Epub 2011 May 26.
Oryza sativa is widely used as a model organism for many aspects of research in monocots and cereals. However, it has certain disadvantages as a model species compared with Arabidopsis thaliana, the eudicot species most widely used in plant sciences: first, it has a long cultivation time; and second, it requires considerably more space for growth. Here, we introduce a biotron breeding system, which allows rapid and reliable rice cultivation using a well-equipped artificial environmental chamber. This system involves use of regulation of CO₂ levels, removal of tillers and embryo rescue to overcome the disadvantages of rice cultivation. The rice cultivars Nipponbare, Koshihikari, Taichung 65 and Kasalath all showed vigorous growth and sufficient seed production in the biotron breeding system with accelerated flowering time. Nipponbare, which was the earliest among these cultivars, flowered at about 50 d after sowing. The life cycle of these plants could be further shortened using an embryo rescue technique on immature seeds at 7 d after pollination, thereby avoiding the lengthy process of seed maturation. Overall, it was possible to shorten the life cycle of Nipponbare to about 2 months under the controlled conditions. Furthermore, controlled crosses, which can be difficult with conventional cultivation methods, were easy to perform as we could control the exact timing of anther dehiscence. Thus, our biotron breeding system offers a valuable new approach to genetic and breeding studies in rice.
水稻被广泛用作单子叶植物和禾本科植物许多研究领域的模式生物。然而，与拟南芥相比，作为模式物种，它具有一定的缺点：首先，它的栽培时间长；其次，它的生长需要相当多的空间。在这里，我们介绍了一种生物人工气候室养殖系统，它允许使用设备齐全的人工环境室快速可靠地种植水稻。该系统涉及使用 CO₂水平调节、分蘖去除和胚拯救来克服水稻栽培的缺点。粳稻品种日本晴、越光、台中 65 和 Kasalath 在加速开花时间的生物人工气候室养殖系统中均表现出旺盛的生长和充足的种子产量。这些品种中最早的日本晴在播种后约 50 天开花。通过在授粉后 7 天对未成熟种子进行胚拯救技术，可以进一步缩短这些植物的生命周期，从而避免漫长的种子成熟过程。总的来说，在受控条件下，可以将日本晴的生命周期缩短到大约 2 个月。此外，通过控制花药开裂的确切时间，我们可以轻松进行常规栽培方法难以进行的控制杂交，从而使我们能够轻松进行控制杂交。因此，我们的生物人工气候室养殖系统为水稻的遗传和育种研究提供了一种有价值的新方法。
