Berman Andrew R
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Prim Care. 2011 Jun;38(2):277-97, viii-ix. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2011.03.008.
Patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have poor quality of life, with limited activity, breathlessness, dependence on others, and recurrent needs for medical evaluation and treatment. Such patients demonstrate significant and progressive impairments in physical, mental, and social functioning. Because the rate of decline is variable, however, it is difficult to predict prognosis of survival. Currently available treatments only partially relieve symptoms, and patients become increasingly more disabled. This article reviews quality of life issues, proposed prognostic indicators, and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments in advanced COPD. Palliative measures to address breathlessness and unmet needs among patients with end-stage COPD are discussed.
终末期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者生活质量较差，活动受限、呼吸急促、依赖他人，且需要反复进行医学评估和治疗。这类患者在身体、心理和社会功能方面存在显著且渐进性的损害。然而，由于病情下降速度因人而异，因此难以预测生存预后。目前可用的治疗方法只能部分缓解症状，患者的残疾程度日益加重。本文综述了晚期COPD患者的生活质量问题、建议的预后指标以及药物和非药物治疗方法。还讨论了针对终末期COPD患者呼吸急促及未满足需求的姑息治疗措施。
