Maastricht University, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Appetite. 2011 Aug;57(1):286-94. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.310. Epub 2011 May 23.
According to the influential theory of Berridge (1996, 2009), food reward comprises two components: food 'liking' and 'wanting', with 'liking' referring to the pleasure derived from eating a given food and 'wanting' referring to appetitive motivation. Animal research shows that these two components have separate neural correlates. In examining reward driven eating in man, researchers have thus begun to develop interest in indicators of 'liking' and 'wanting'. But validating 'liking' and 'wanting' requires the dissociation of these components when theory dictates they should diverge. One such circumstance is neural sensitization as this leads to exaggerated 'wanting' without increased 'liking'. However, there are no data suggesting that such sensitization is the likely result of (over)eating. Without sensitization, one cannot determine whether task performance is indicative of true food 'liking' or 'wanting'. It is concluded that it is important to assess appetite and palatability in the study of reward driven eating, but determining whether these measurements reflect either food 'wanting' or food 'liking' is not.
根据贝里奇（1996、2009）的有影响力的理论，食物奖赏由两部分组成：食物“喜欢”和“想要”，“喜欢”是指吃某种食物带来的愉悦，“想要”是指食欲动机。动物研究表明，这两个组成部分有独立的神经关联。在研究人类受奖励驱动的进食时，研究人员开始对“喜欢”和“想要”的指标产生兴趣。但是，验证“喜欢”和“想要”需要在理论上要求它们偏离时，将这些成分分开。一种这样的情况是神经敏化，因为这会导致“想要”增加而“喜欢”不变。然而，没有数据表明这种敏化是（过度）进食的可能结果。没有敏化，就无法确定任务表现是否表明真正的食物“喜欢”或“想要”。因此，在奖励驱动的进食研究中评估食欲和口感很重要，但确定这些测量结果反映的是食物“想要”还是食物“喜欢”并不重要。
