Geiger-Brown Jeanne, Lipscomb Jane
Work & Health Research Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2010;28:191-231. doi: 10.1891/0739-6686.28.191.
Nurses' working conditions are inextricably linked to the quality of care that is provided to patients and patients' safety. These same working conditions are associated with health and safety outcomes for nurses and other health care providers. This chapter describes aspects of the nursing work environment that have been linked to hazards and adverse exposures for nurses, as well as the most common health and safety outcomes of nursing work. We include studies from 2000 to the present by nurse researchers, studies of nurses as subjects, and studies of workers under similar working conditions that could translate to nurses' work environment. We explore a number of work organization factors including shift work and extended work hours, safety climate and culture, teamwork, and communication. We also describe environmental hazards, including chemical hazards (e.g., waste anesthetics, hazardous drugs, cleaning compounds) and airborne and bloodborne pathogen exposure. Nurses' health and safety outcomes include physical (e.g., musculoskeletal disorders, gastrointestinal, slips, trips and falls, physical assault) and psychosocial outcomes (e.g., burnout, work-family conflict). Finally, we present recommendations for future research to further protect nurses and all health care workers from a range of hazardous working conditions.
护士的工作条件与提供给患者的护理质量及患者安全有着千丝万缕的联系。这些相同的工作条件也与护士及其他医护人员的健康和安全结果相关。本章描述了护理工作环境中与护士面临的危害和不良暴露相关的方面，以及护理工作中最常见的健康和安全结果。我们纳入了2000年至今护士研究人员进行的研究、以护士为研究对象的研究，以及在类似工作条件下可类推至护士工作环境的工作人员研究。我们探讨了一些工作组织因素，包括轮班工作和延长工作时间、安全氛围和文化、团队合作及沟通。我们还描述了环境危害，包括化学危害（如废弃麻醉剂、危险药物、清洁化合物）以及空气传播和血源性病原体暴露。护士的健康和安全结果包括身体方面的（如肌肉骨骼疾病、胃肠道问题、滑倒、绊倒和跌倒、身体攻击）和心理社会方面的（如职业倦怠、工作与家庭冲突）。最后，我们提出了未来研究的建议，以进一步保护护士和所有医护人员免受一系列危险工作条件的影响。
