School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
J Endocrinol. 2011 Nov;211(2):109-21. doi: 10.1530/JOE-11-0048. Epub 2011 Jun 3.
Endochondral ossification is the process that results in both the replacement of the embryonic cartilaginous skeleton during organogenesis and the growth of long bones until adult height is achieved. Chondrocytes play a central role in this process, contributing to longitudinal growth through a combination of proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and hypertrophy. Terminally differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes then die, allowing the invasion of a mixture of cells that collectively replace the cartilage tissue with bone tissue. The behaviour of growth plate chondrocytes is tightly regulated at all stages of endochondral ossification by a complex network of interactions between circulating hormones (including GH and thyroid hormone), locally produced growth factors (including Indian hedgehog, WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins and fibroblast growth factors) and the components of the ECM secreted by the chondrocytes (including collagens, proteoglycans, thrombospondins and matrilins). In turn, chondrocytes secrete factors that regulate the behaviour of the invading bone cells, including vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor activator of NFκB ligand. This review discusses how the growth plate chondrocyte contributes to endochondral ossification, with some emphasis on recent advances.
软骨内骨化是一个过程，它导致胚胎软骨骨骼在器官发生过程中被取代，并且长骨生长直到达到成人身高。软骨细胞在这个过程中起着核心作用，通过增殖、细胞外基质（ECM）分泌和肥大的组合，促进纵向生长。终末分化的肥大软骨细胞随后死亡，允许混合细胞的入侵，这些细胞共同用骨组织取代软骨组织。生长板软骨细胞的行为在软骨内骨化的所有阶段都受到循环激素（包括生长激素和甲状腺激素）、局部产生的生长因子（包括印度刺猬、WNTs、骨形态发生蛋白和成纤维细胞生长因子）以及软骨细胞分泌的 ECM 成分（包括胶原、蛋白聚糖、血栓素和基质素）之间复杂的相互作用网络的严格调节。反过来，软骨细胞分泌调节入侵骨细胞行为的因子，包括血管内皮生长因子和 NFκB 配体受体激活剂。这篇综述讨论了生长板软骨细胞如何促进软骨内骨化，其中一些重点是最近的进展。
