Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 6-335, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Sep 7;47(33):9268-74. doi: 10.1039/c1cc12390d. Epub 2011 Jun 6.
The efficient storage of solar energy in chemical fuels, such as hydrogen, is essential for the large-scale utilisation of solar energy systems. Recent advances in the photocatalytic production of H(2) are highlighted. Two general approaches for the photocatalytic hydrogen generation by homogeneous catalysts are considered: HX (X = Cl, Br) splitting involving both proton reduction and halide oxidation via an inner-sphere mechanism with a single-component catalyst; and sensitized H(2) production, employing sacrificial electron donors to regenerate the active catalyst. Future directions and challenges in photocatalytic H(2) generation are enumerated.
高效地将太阳能存储在化学燃料中，如氢气，对于大规模利用太阳能系统至关重要。本文重点介绍了光催化制氢方面的最新进展。对于均相催化剂的光催化产氢，有两种一般方法：HX（X=Cl、Br）的分解，涉及质子还原和卤化物氧化，通过内球机制和单一组分催化剂进行；以及敏化制氢，利用牺牲电子供体来再生活性催化剂。本文还列举了光催化制氢未来的发展方向和挑战。
