Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Jul 1;53(1):68-75. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir270.
After several decades of vaccination against hepatitis B virus in newborns, infants, adolescents, and adults, the question remains whether a booster dose is ever needed. Long-term protection is most commonly measured through 4 methods: the anamnestic response after administration of a booster dose, infection rate in vaccinated populations, in vitro B and T cell activity testing, and seroepidemiological studies. Long-term protection is present despite a decrease in anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies over time. The exact mechanism of long-term protection, however, is not yet fully understood. There is no need for boosters in immunologically potent persons as long as a full course was adequately administered that respected the recommended timelines, as evidenced by studies conducted up to 20 years after the original immunization course. However, a booster dose should be planned for immunocompromised patients, based on serological monitoring.
经过几十年对新生儿、婴儿、青少年和成人的乙型肝炎病毒疫苗接种，仍然存在一个问题，即是否需要加强剂量。长期保护最常见的衡量方法有 4 种：加强剂量后回忆反应、接种人群的感染率、体外 B 和 T 细胞活性检测以及血清流行病学研究。尽管随着时间的推移，抗乙型肝炎表面抗体数量减少，但仍存在长期保护。然而，长期保护的确切机制尚未完全了解。只要按照推荐的时间间隔完成了全程免疫接种，并且在最初免疫接种后长达 20 年的研究中得到了证实，那么在免疫功能强大的人群中就无需加强剂量。但是，应该根据血清学监测为免疫功能低下的患者计划加强剂量。
