Mendelsohn Colin
Aust Fam Physician. 2011 Jun;40(6):403-7.
Women who smoke are at significantly greater risk of developing a smoking related disease than men. They are also at risk of pregnancy related complications due to smoking and have more difficulty quitting. There are important gender differences in smoking behaviour that have implications for the quitting process. Advice to female smokers should take these factors into account and support should be tailored to their needs.
This article presents a summary of the evidence and a range of gender specific strategies that general practitioners can use to optimise the support they give to female smokers.
Women may need more intensive behavioural and pharmacological support when quitting. Particular emphasis should be placed on addressing stress, social support, smoking cues and concerns about weight gain. Nicotine replacement therapy is less effective in women. However, it is still useful if used in adequate doses and can be used in pregnancy if the woman is unlikely to quit without it. Varenicline and bupropion are not approved in pregnancy or in lactation.
吸烟女性患与吸烟相关疾病的风险显著高于男性。她们还因吸烟面临与妊娠相关并发症的风险，且戒烟难度更大。吸烟行为存在重要的性别差异，这对戒烟过程有影响。对女性吸烟者的建议应考虑这些因素，并应根据她们的需求提供支持。
本文概述了相关证据以及一系列针对性别的策略，全科医生可利用这些策略优化对女性吸烟者的支持。
女性戒烟时可能需要更强化的行为和药物支持。应特别强调应对压力、社会支持、吸烟提示物以及对体重增加的担忧。尼古丁替代疗法对女性效果较差。然而，如果使用足够剂量，它仍然有用，并且如果女性不使用该疗法就不太可能戒烟，那么在孕期也可使用。伐尼克兰和安非他酮未被批准用于孕期或哺乳期。
