Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
Cancer. 2011 Jun 15;117(12):2677-89. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25859. Epub 2011 Jan 10.
Tumor-derived cytokines play a significant role in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Targeting proteins, such as tristetraprolin (TTP), that regulate multiple inflammatory cytokines may inhibit the progression of HNSCC. However, TTP's role in cancer is poorly understood. The goal of the current study was to determine whether TTP regulates inflammatory cytokines in patients with HNSCC.
TTP messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were determined by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. mRNA stability and cytokine secretion were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, respectively, after overexpression or knockdown of TTP in HNSCC. HNSCC tissue microarrays were immunostained for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TTP.
TTP expression in HNSCC cell lines was found to be inversely correlated with the secretion of IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2) )(.) Knockdown of TTP increased mRNA stability and the secretion of cytokines. Conversely, overexpression of TTP in HNSCC cells led to decreased secretion of IL-6, VEGF, and PGE(2) . Immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays for IL-6 demonstrated that staining intensity is prognostic for poor disease-specific survival (P = .023), tumor recurrence and development of second primary tumors (P = .014), and poor overall survival (P = .019).
The results of the current study demonstrated that down-regulation of TTP in HNSCC enhances mRNA stability and promotes secretion of IL-6, VEGF, and PGE(2) . Furthermore, high IL-6 secretion in HNSCC tissue is a biomarker for poor prognosis. In as much as enhanced cytokine secretion is associated with poor prognosis, TTP may be a therapeutic target to reduce multiple cytokines concurrently in patients with HNSCC.
肿瘤来源的细胞因子在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)的进展中起着重要作用。针对调节多种炎症细胞因子的蛋白质,如三肽基肽酶 1(TTP),可能会抑制 HNSCC 的进展。然而,TTP 在癌症中的作用还知之甚少。本研究的目的是确定 TTP 是否调节 HNSCC 患者的炎症细胞因子。
通过定量实时聚合酶链反应(Q-RT-PCR)和 Western blot 分析分别测定 TTP 信使 RNA(mRNA)和蛋白质表达。通过在 HNSCC 中转染 TTP 过表达或敲低后,通过定量 RT-PCR 和酶联免疫吸附试验分别评估 mRNA 稳定性和细胞因子分泌。免疫组化染色 HNSCC 组织微阵列用于检测白细胞介素 6(IL-6)和 TTP。
发现 HNSCC 细胞系中的 TTP 表达与 IL-6、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和前列腺素 E2(PGE(2))的分泌呈负相关。TTP 敲低增加了细胞因子的 mRNA 稳定性和分泌。相反,TTP 在 HNSCC 细胞中的过表达导致 IL-6、VEGF 和 PGE(2)的分泌减少。组织微阵列的免疫组织化学染色显示,IL-6 的染色强度与疾病特异性生存不良相关(P =.023)、肿瘤复发和第二原发肿瘤的发展(P =.014)以及总生存不良相关(P =.019)。
本研究结果表明,HNSCC 中 TTP 的下调增强了 mRNA 的稳定性并促进了 IL-6、VEGF 和 PGE(2)的分泌。此外,HNSCC 组织中高 IL-6 分泌是预后不良的生物标志物。由于增强的细胞因子分泌与不良预后相关,因此 TTP 可能是治疗靶点,以减少 HNSCC 患者中多种细胞因子的同时分泌。