Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(3):199-205. doi: 10.2223/JPED.2087.
To provide recent guidelines to reduce the incidence of diarrheal diseases. We discuss the definition, clinical aspects, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of persistent diarrhea.
Electronic search of the MEDLINE database, Google search.
Acute diarrhea may be caused by a variety of agents, including bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens. The top priority in treatment of diarrhea is replacement of fluid and electrolytes losses, particularly at the acute stage, and, under certain circumstances, eradication of the enteropathogenic agent. On the other hand, treatment of persistent diarrhea should focus on prevention and management of food intolerance and malnutrition.
Promotion of breastfeeding, adequate interventions in the treatment of acute diarrheal episodes, introduction of safe dietary strategies for prevention of malnutrition, and improvements in sanitation and hygiene conditions, including sewage and clean water, are essential measures for the reduction of diarrheal morbidity and mortality rates in children under 5 years of age.
提供最新指南以降低腹泻病发病率。我们讨论持续性腹泻的定义、临床方面、病理生理学、诊断、处理和预防。
电子检索 MEDLINE 数据库，谷歌搜索。
急性腹泻可能由多种病原体引起，包括细菌、病毒和原生动物。腹泻治疗的首要任务是补液和电解质流失，特别是在急性阶段，并且在某些情况下，消除肠道病原体。另一方面，持续性腹泻的治疗应侧重于预防和管理食物不耐受和营养不良。
促进母乳喂养、充分干预急性腹泻发作、引入预防营养不良的安全饮食策略、改善环境卫生条件，包括污水和清洁水，是降低 5 岁以下儿童腹泻发病率和死亡率的重要措施。
