Huttly S R, Morris S S, Pisani V
Maternal and Child Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England.
Bull World Health Organ. 1997;75(2):163-74.
An updated review of nonvaccine interventions for the prevention of childhood diarrhoea in developing countries is presented. The importance of various key preventive strategies (breast-feeding, water supply and sanitation improvements) is confirmed and certain aspects of others (promotion of personal and domestic hygiene, weaning education/food hygiene) are refined. Evidence is also presented to suggest that, subject to cost-effectiveness examination, two other strategies-vitamin A supplementation and the prevention of low birth weight-should be promoted to the first category of interventions, as classified by Feachem, i.e. those which are considered to have high effectiveness and strong feasibility.
本文对发展中国家预防儿童腹泻的非疫苗干预措施进行了最新综述。确认了各种关键预防策略(母乳喂养、改善供水和卫生设施)的重要性,并对其他策略(促进个人和家庭卫生、断奶教育/食品卫生)的某些方面进行了细化。还有证据表明,经过成本效益评估后,另外两项策略——补充维生素A和预防低出生体重——应提升到费奇姆所分类的第一类干预措施中,即那些被认为具有高效性和强可行性的措施。