Department of Research, Evaluation and Documentation, Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bielefeld, Remterweg 69-71, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2011 Dec;21(4):337-59. doi: 10.1007/s11065-011-9171-0. Epub 2011 Jun 10.
Neuropsychological research in patients with affective disorders shows heterogeneous results with regard to the severity and profile of cognitive impairments. In this paper we hypothesize that the investigation of clinical (subtypes, comorbidity, traumatization, personality, severity, diurnal swings, course, duration, age of onset, biased processing, rumination, motivation, experience of failure, sleep, suicidal tendencies, computer attitudes), demographic (age, education, gender) and neurobiological factors (structural and functional brain changes, glucocorticoids, medication, ECT) that are related to cognitive performance has specified the understanding of severity and profile of neuropsychological impairments. We reviewed the literature pertaining to clinical, demographic and neurobiological factors following Pubmed and PsychInfo databases using different combinations of general key-terms including "Affective Disorder," "Depression," "Mania," "Neuropsychological," "Neurobiological," "Moderator," and "Review" as well as more specific demographic, clinical and neurobiological search terms. Findings from the literature show that the consideration of these factors has improved knowledge about the severity of neuropsychological impairments in patients with affective disorders whereas the neuropsychological profile is still poorly understood. Despite limited understanding, however, the existent results provide promising suggestions for the development of treatment programs.
神经心理学研究表明，情感障碍患者的认知损伤严重程度和类型存在异质性。本文假设，对临床（亚型、共病、创伤、人格、严重程度、昼夜波动、病程、持续时间、发病年龄、偏向性处理、反刍思维、动机、失败体验、睡眠、自杀倾向、计算机态度）、人口统计学（年龄、教育、性别）和神经生物学因素（结构和功能脑变化、糖皮质激素、药物、ECT）的研究与认知表现有关，这些因素对认知损伤的严重程度和类型有明确的了解。我们使用了 Pubmed 和 PsychInfo 数据库，通过一般关键词（包括“情感障碍”、“抑郁”、“躁狂”、“神经心理学”、“神经生物学”、“调节剂”和“综述”）以及更具体的人口统计学、临床和神经生物学搜索词的不同组合，对与临床、人口统计学和神经生物学因素相关的文献进行了回顾。文献研究结果表明，考虑这些因素可以提高对情感障碍患者认知损伤严重程度的认识，而神经心理学特征仍知之甚少。然而，尽管了解有限，但现有的研究结果为治疗方案的制定提供了有希望的建议。
