Murphy F C, Sahakian B J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge.
Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 2001 Jun;41:s120-7.
Although the presence of wide-ranging neuropsychological deficits in individuals with major depression is well established, few studies have investigated the nature of cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder.
To review research of the neuropsychology of bipolar disorder, with special attention to the relationship between mood and cognitive functioning.
Literature review.
Findings generally demonstrate mania-related impairments on conventional neuropsychological tests, with direct comparisons of patients with mania and patients with depression failing to find group differences. More recent work has sought to differentiate these disorders by employing tasks with affective components. This research has demonstrated biases for processing positive and negative stimuli in patients with mania and depression, respectively.
Future studies, employing tasks that require cognitive and emotional processing, should improve our understanding of the deficits observed in depression and mania. Neuroimaging studies of the neural regions that underlie cognitive processing of affective meaning suggest that the medial and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex may be particularly involved.
尽管重度抑郁症患者存在广泛的神经心理学缺陷已得到充分证实，但很少有研究探讨双相情感障碍患者认知障碍的本质。
回顾双相情感障碍的神经心理学研究，特别关注情绪与认知功能之间的关系。
文献综述。
研究结果总体上表明，在传统神经心理学测试中，躁狂相关的损伤存在，对躁狂患者和抑郁患者进行直接比较时未发现组间差异。最近的研究试图通过采用带有情感成分的任务来区分这些疾病。这项研究分别证明了躁狂症患者和抑郁症患者在处理积极和消极刺激方面存在偏差。
未来采用需要认知和情感处理的任务进行的研究，应能增进我们对抑郁症和躁狂症中观察到的缺陷的理解。对情感意义认知处理背后的神经区域进行的神经影像学研究表明，内侧和眶额前额叶皮层可能特别受累。
