Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Schizophrenia Program; Division of Addiction Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Psychiatry Res. 2011 Aug 15;188(3):320-6. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.05.037. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
Schizophrenia is associated with many neurocognitive deficits, some of which are improved by nicotine and cigarette smoking. To better understand the relationship between smoking and cognitive function in schizophrenia, cross-sectional assessment of neuropsychological performance as a function of smoking status (smoker or non-smoker) and smoking history (current, former or never-smoker) in clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia and controls was evaluated. Subjects (n=140) were divided into subgroups on the basis of self-report and biochemical verification of smoking history. Current smokers with schizophrenia (n=38), former smokers with schizophrenia (n=17), never-smokers with schizophrenia (n=12), control smokers (n=31), control former smokers (n=16), and control never-smokers (n=26) were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Smokers were studied under non-deprivation conditions. Comparison of neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia and control subjects revealed significant main effects of diagnosis. Analysis of the data as a function of smoking history demonstrated that never-smokers with schizophrenia performed the poorest on measures of sustained attention, processing speed and response inhibition, when compared to the other schizophrenia subgroups. Cigarette smoking did not alter neuropsychological performance in controls. Our findings suggest that smoking status and history differentially alters neuropsychological outcomes in schizophrenia compared to non-psychiatric controls, and that never-smokers may present with more severe neurocognitive impairments.
精神分裂症与许多神经认知缺陷有关，其中一些可以通过尼古丁和吸烟来改善。为了更好地理解吸烟与精神分裂症认知功能之间的关系，我们对临床稳定的精神分裂症门诊患者和对照组进行了横断面评估，评估内容为根据吸烟状况（吸烟者或非吸烟者）和吸烟史（当前、以前或从不吸烟者）评估神经认知表现。根据吸烟史的自我报告和生物化学验证，将受试者（n=140）分为亚组。患有精神分裂症的当前吸烟者（n=38）、患有精神分裂症的以前吸烟者（n=17）、患有精神分裂症的从不吸烟者（n=12）、吸烟对照者（n=31）、以前吸烟对照者（n=16）和从不吸烟对照者（n=26）接受了全面的神经心理学测试。吸烟者在非剥夺条件下进行研究。精神分裂症和对照组的神经心理学表现比较显示诊断有显著的主效应。根据吸烟史进行数据分析表明，与其他精神分裂症亚组相比，从不吸烟的精神分裂症患者在持续注意力、处理速度和反应抑制方面的表现最差。吸烟不会改变对照组的神经心理学表现。我们的研究结果表明，吸烟状况和吸烟史会改变精神分裂症患者的神经认知结果，而与非精神疾病对照组不同，从不吸烟者可能表现出更严重的神经认知障碍。
