Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Addict. 2013 Jan;22(1):46-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.00313.x.
Compared to the general population cigarette smoking prevalence is elevated in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). These disorders are also associated with neurocognitive impairments. Cigarette smoking is associated with improved cognition in SZ. The effects of smoking on cognition in BD and MDD are less well studied.
We used a cross-sectional design to study neuropsychological performance in these disorders as a function of smoking status. Subjects (N = 108) were SZ smokers (n = 32), SZ non-smokers (n = 15), BD smokers (n = 10), BD non-smokers (n = 6), MDD smokers (n = 6), MDD non-smokers (n = 10), control smokers (n = 12), and control non-smokers (n = 17). Participants completed a neuropsychological battery; smokers were non-deprived.
SZ subjects performed significantly worse than controls in select domains, while BD and MDD subjects did not differ from controls. Three verbal memory outcomes were improved in SZ smokers compared with non-smokers; smoking status did not alter performance in BD or MDD.
These data suggest that smoking is associated with neurocognitive improvements in SZ, but not BD or MDD. Our data may suggest specificity of cigarette-smoking modulation of neurocognitive deficits in SZ.
与普通人群相比，精神障碍患者（如精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和重度抑郁症）的吸烟率更高。这些疾病也与神经认知障碍有关。吸烟与精神分裂症患者认知能力的提高有关。吸烟对双相情感障碍和重度抑郁症患者认知能力的影响研究较少。
我们采用横断面设计，研究这些疾病中吸烟状况与神经心理学表现的关系。受试者（n=108）包括精神分裂症吸烟者（n=32）、精神分裂症不吸烟者（n=15）、双相情感障碍吸烟者（n=10）、双相情感障碍不吸烟者（n=6）、重度抑郁症吸烟者（n=6）、重度抑郁症不吸烟者（n=10）、对照组吸烟者（n=12）和对照组不吸烟者（n=17）。参与者完成了神经心理学测试；吸烟者无戒烟史。
精神分裂症患者在某些领域的表现明显差于对照组，而双相情感障碍和重度抑郁症患者与对照组无差异。与不吸烟者相比，精神分裂症吸烟者的三种言语记忆结果有所改善；吸烟状况并未改变双相情感障碍或重度抑郁症患者的表现。
这些数据表明，吸烟与精神分裂症患者的神经认知改善有关，但与双相情感障碍或重度抑郁症无关。我们的数据可能表明，吸烟对精神分裂症患者神经认知缺陷的调节具有特异性。
