The Musculoskeletal Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA.
J Endocrinol. 2011 Nov;211(2):123-30. doi: 10.1530/JOE-11-0175. Epub 2011 Jun 14.
Studies on bone development, formation and turnover have grown exponentially over the last decade in part because of the utility of genetic models. One area that has received considerable attention has been the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which has emerged as a major survival network for osteoblasts. Genetic engineering has enabled investigators to study downstream effectors of PI3K by directly overexpressing activated forms of AKT in cells of the skeletal lineage or deleting Pten that leads to a constitutively active AKT. The results from these studies have provided novel insights into bone development and remodeling, critical processes in the lifelong maintenance of skeletal health. This paper reviews those data in relation to recent advances in osteoblast biology and their potential relevance to chronic disorders of the skeleton and their treatment.
在过去的十年中，骨发育、形成和代谢的研究呈指数级增长，部分原因是遗传模型的实用性。受到广泛关注的一个领域是磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶 (PI3K) 信号通路，该通路已成为成骨细胞的主要生存网络。遗传工程使研究人员能够通过直接在骨骼谱系细胞中过表达激活形式的 AKT 或敲除导致 AKT 持续激活的 Pten 来研究 PI3K 的下游效应物。这些研究的结果为骨骼发育和重塑提供了新的见解，这是骨骼健康终身维持的关键过程。本文综述了这些数据，并与成骨细胞生物学的最新进展及其对骨骼慢性疾病及其治疗的潜在相关性进行了讨论。
