Welde Boye, Morseth Bente, Handegård Bjørn Helge, Lagestad Pål
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
RKBU Nord, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Jun 30;2:78. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00078. eCollection 2020.
The aim was to describe longitudinal trends in peak oxygen uptake (VO) among 14- to 19-year-old adolescents in Norway, and to examine effects of sex, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity (PA) level on VO during adolescence. Of 124 invited students from two lower secondary schools in Norway, 116 eighth-grade students (61 boys and 55 girls; 14 years old at baseline) volunteered to participate. The study has a longitudinal design with 6 yearly repeated measures of body height and mass, VO and PA level. VO allometrically scaled to body mass raised to the power of 0.67 was measured using a walking or running incremental test on a treadmill, whereas PA level was self-reported. Among 696 possible observations, 555 (79.7%) were valid. Multiple linear regression and linear mixed model analyses were used to examine the associations between age, sex, BMI, PA level and VO. VO showed a non-linear pattern from age 14 to 19, with a distinct increase for boys peaking at age 17, while the results provide a flatter and more stable curve for girls. Sex, BMI and PA level together explained 43-71% of the variance in VO at the different age levels. Sex and PA level contributed independently to explain a significant proportion of the variance in VO at all measurement occasions, while BMI did not. Adjusted sex differences in VO increased over time, from 26.5 ml·kg·min at age 14 to 55.5 ml·kg·min at age 19. The independent contribution from PA level to the variance in VO increased from age 14 to 16 and then decreased. While PA level explained 32.5% of the total variance in VO for 16-year-olds, this number was 14% in 19-year-olds. In conclusion, aerobic power showed a non-linear pattern during adolescence, peaking at age 17. Sex and PA level explained a large proportion of the variance in VO, each of them being an independent contributor to VO. Aerobic power is linked to improved health and seems to depend largely on sex and PA level in adolescents, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a sufficient PA level during adolescence.
研究目的是描述挪威14至19岁青少年的峰值摄氧量（VO）的纵向变化趋势，并研究性别、体重指数（BMI）和身体活动（PA）水平对青少年VO的影响。在挪威两所初中邀请的124名学生中，116名八年级学生（61名男生和55名女生；基线时14岁）自愿参与。该研究采用纵向设计，对身高、体重、VO和PA水平进行了6次年度重复测量。VO通过在跑步机上进行步行或跑步递增测试来测量，并根据体重进行异速生长标度，使其与体重的0.67次幂成正比，而PA水平则通过自我报告获得。在696次可能的观察中，555次（79.7%）有效。采用多元线性回归和线性混合模型分析来研究年龄、性别、BMI、PA水平与VO之间的关联。VO在14至19岁之间呈现非线性模式，男孩有明显增加，在17岁达到峰值，而女孩的结果显示曲线较为平缓且更稳定。性别、BMI和PA水平共同解释了不同年龄水平下VO方差的43%至71%。性别和PA水平在所有测量场合均独立解释了VO方差的很大一部分，而BMI则没有。VO的调整后性别差异随时间增加，从14岁时的26.5毫升·千克·分钟增加到19岁时的55.5毫升·千克·分钟。PA水平对VO方差的独立贡献从14岁到16岁增加，然后下降。虽然PA水平解释了16岁青少年VO总方差的32.5%，但在19岁青少年中这一数字为14%。总之，有氧能力在青春期呈现非线性模式，在17岁达到峰值。性别和PA水平解释了VO方差的很大一部分，它们各自都是VO的独立影响因素。有氧能力与健康改善相关，并且在青少年中似乎很大程度上取决于性别和PA水平，这强调了在青春期保持足够PA水平的重要性。
