Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Kidney Blood Press Res. 2011;34(6):404-17. doi: 10.1159/000328332. Epub 2011 Jun 11.
The relationship between calcium and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been explored for a long time. Studies exploring the effect of calcium intake or calcium supplementation on cardiovascular risk suggest that systolic blood pressure increases under low calcium intake and decreases with calcium supplementation. A lower calcium intake has been associated with an increased risk of stroke. However, the impact of calcium supplementation on stroke risk remains unclear. Calcium supplementation may increase the risk of myocardial infarction. The relationship between vitamin D and CVD has been explored more recently. Negative correlations between vitamin D levels and the risk of hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke have been reported in several observational studies. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure is still unclear and no effect of vitamin D supplementation on coronary heart disease or stroke has been clearly demonstrated. There is a lack of randomized clinical trials primarily addressing the effect of these parameters on CVD. Therefore, the real impact of calcium and vitamin D on cardiovascular outcomes remains to be documented by appropriate experimental data.
钙与心血管疾病（CVD）之间的关系已经探讨了很长时间。研究探索了钙摄入量或钙补充剂对心血管风险的影响，结果表明，低钙摄入会使收缩压升高，而钙补充剂会使收缩压降低。低钙摄入与中风风险增加有关。然而，钙补充剂对中风风险的影响尚不清楚。钙补充剂可能会增加心肌梗死的风险。最近对维生素 D 与 CVD 之间的关系进行了更多的探索。一些观察性研究报告了维生素 D 水平与高血压、心肌梗死和中风风险之间的负相关关系。维生素 D 补充对血压的影响尚不清楚，也没有明确表明维生素 D 补充对冠心病或中风有影响。缺乏主要针对这些参数对 CVD 影响的随机临床试验。因此，适当的实验数据仍需记录钙和维生素 D 对心血管结局的实际影响。
