Gill Tiffany K, Hill Catherine L, Shanahan E Michael, Taylor Anne W, Appleton Sarah L, Grant Janet F, Shi Zumin, Dal Grande Eleonora, Price Kay, Adams Robert J
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Level 3, 122 Frome St, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Sep 26;14:1001. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1001.
Levels of vitamin D in the population have come under increasing scrutiny, however there are only a few studies in Australia which measure levels in the general population. The aim of this study was to measure the levels of vitamin D within a large population cohort and examine the association with seasons and selected demographic and health risk factors.
A longitudinal cohort study of 2413 participants in the northwest suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia conducted between 2008 and 2010 was used to examine serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) in relation to demographic characteristics (age, sex, income, education and country of birth), seasons, the use of vitamin D supplements and selected health risk factors (physical activity, body mass index and smoking). Both unadjusted and adjusted mean levels of serum 25(OH)D were examined, as were the factors associated with the unadjusted and adjusted prevalence of serum 25(OH)D levels below 50 and 75 nmol/L.
Overall, the mean level of serum 25(OH)D was 69.2 nmol/L with 22.7% of the population having a serum 25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/L, the level which is generally recognised as vitamin D deficiency. There were significantly higher levels of 25(OH)D among males compared to females (t = 4.65, p < 0.001). Higher levels of 25(OH)D were also measured in summer and autumn compared with winter and spring. Generally, mean levels of 25(OH)D were lower in those classified as obese. Smokers and those undertaking no or less than 150 minutes/week of physical activity also had lower levels of serum vitamin D. Obesity (as classified by body mass index), season and undertaking an insufficient level of physical activity to obtain a health benefit were significantly associated with the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in South Australia, affecting almost one quarter of the population and levels are related to activity, obesity and season even when adjusted for confounding factors. Improved methods of addressing vitamin D levels in population are required.
人群中维生素D水平受到越来越多的关注，然而在澳大利亚仅有少数研究测量普通人群的维生素D水平。本研究的目的是测量一大群队列人群中的维生素D水平，并研究其与季节以及选定的人口统计学和健康风险因素之间的关联。
利用2008年至2010年间在南澳大利亚阿德莱德西北郊区对2413名参与者进行的一项纵向队列研究，来检测血清25-羟基维生素D（25(OH)D）水平与人口统计学特征（年龄、性别、收入、教育程度和出生国家）、季节、维生素D补充剂的使用以及选定的健康风险因素（体育活动、体重指数和吸烟）之间的关系。研究了血清25(OH)D的未调整和调整后的平均水平，以及与血清25(OH)D水平低于50和75 nmol/L的未调整和调整后患病率相关的因素。
总体而言，血清25(OH)D的平均水平为69.2 nmol/L，22.7%的人群血清25(OH)D水平低于50 nmol/L，该水平通常被认为是维生素D缺乏。男性的25(OH)D水平显著高于女性（t = 4.65，p < 0.001）。与冬季和春季相比，夏季和秋季的25(OH)D水平也更高。一般来说，被归类为肥胖者的25(OH)D平均水平较低。吸烟者以及每周进行体育活动不足150分钟或不进行体育活动的人血清维生素D水平也较低。肥胖（根据体重指数分类）、季节以及体育活动水平不足以获得健康益处与维生素D缺乏的患病率显著相关。
维生素D缺乏在南澳大利亚很普遍，影响了近四分之一的人口，即使在调整混杂因素后，其水平仍与活动、肥胖和季节有关。需要改进提高人群维生素D水平的方法。
