Seelert Holger, Dencher Norbert A
Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Department of Chemistry, Physical Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Sep;1807(9):1185-97. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.05.023. Epub 2011 Jun 7.
ATP synthases are part of the sophisticated cellular metabolic network and therefore multiple interactions have to be considered. As discussed in this review, ATP synthases form various supramolecular structures. These include dimers and homooligomeric species. But also interactions with other proteins, particularly those involved in energy conversion exist. The supramolecular assembly of the ATP synthase affects metabolism, organellar structure, diseases, ageing and vice versa. The most common approaches to isolate supercomplexes from native membranes by use of native electrophoresis or density gradients are introduced. On the one hand, isolated ATP synthase dimers and oligomers are employed for structural studies and elucidation of specific protein-protein interactions. On the other hand, native electrophoresis and other techniques serve as tool to trace changes of the supramolecular organisation depending on metabolic alterations. Upon analysing the structure, dimer-specific subunits can be identified as well as interactions with other proteins, for example, the adenine nucleotide translocator. In the organellar context, ATP synthase dimers and oligomers are involved in the formation of mitochondrial cristae. As a consequence, changes in the amount of such supercomplexes affect mitochondrial structure and function. Alterations in the cellular power plant have a strong impact on energy metabolism and ultimately play a significant role in pathophysiology. In plant systems, dimers of the ATP synthase have been also identified in chloroplasts. Similar to mammals, a correlation between metabolic changes and the amount of the chloroplast ATP synthase dimers exists. Therefore, this review focusses on the interplay between metabolism and supramolecular organisation of ATP synthase in different organisms.
ATP合酶是复杂细胞代谢网络的一部分，因此必须考虑多种相互作用。如本综述中所讨论的，ATP合酶形成各种超分子结构。这些结构包括二聚体和同聚体。此外，还存在与其他蛋白质的相互作用，特别是那些参与能量转换的蛋白质。ATP合酶的超分子组装影响代谢、细胞器结构、疾病、衰老，反之亦然。介绍了通过使用天然电泳或密度梯度从天然膜中分离超复合物的最常用方法。一方面，分离出的ATP合酶二聚体和寡聚体用于结构研究和阐明特定的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。另一方面，天然电泳和其他技术可作为追踪超分子组织随代谢变化而改变的工具。在分析结构时，可以识别二聚体特异性亚基以及与其他蛋白质的相互作用，例如腺嘌呤核苷酸转运体。在细胞器环境中，ATP合酶二聚体和寡聚体参与线粒体嵴的形成。因此，此类超复合物数量的变化会影响线粒体的结构和功能。细胞发电厂的改变对能量代谢有强烈影响，并最终在病理生理学中发挥重要作用。在植物系统中，叶绿体中也已鉴定出ATP合酶二聚体。与哺乳动物类似，叶绿体ATP合酶二聚体的数量与代谢变化之间存在相关性。因此，本综述重点关注不同生物体中ATP合酶的代谢与超分子组织之间的相互作用。
