Pritchard Ivor A
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Human Research Protections, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics. 2011 Jun;6(2):31-46. doi: 10.1525/jer.2011.6.2.31.
Many factors have been found to influence the nature and quality of the human research ethics review process. These are reviewed along with discussion of ways in which normal psychological characteristics and group decision-making processes may affect the decisions of institutional review board (IRB) members when reviewing proposed research activities, and may contribute to the acknowledged variability of IRB responses to identical research proposals. Three salient features of human judgment and decision-making illuminated by the existing psychological research literature are used to illustrate this idea: Research findings related to (a) risk perception and acceptance, (b) the standards people use to make decisions, and (c) some nonrational influences on group decision-making suggest how psychological characteristics may affect some outcomes of convened IRB meetings. Recognizing such influences may enable the improvement of IRB decision-making.
已发现许多因素会影响人类研究伦理审查过程的性质和质量。本文将对这些因素进行综述，并讨论正常心理特征和群体决策过程在审查拟议研究活动时可能影响机构审查委员会（IRB）成员决策的方式，以及这些因素如何导致IRB对相同研究提案的反应存在公认的差异。现有心理学研究文献揭示的人类判断和决策的三个显著特征用于阐述这一观点：与（a）风险感知和接受、（b）人们用于决策的标准以及（c）对群体决策的一些非理性影响相关的研究结果表明，心理特征可能如何影响召集的IRB会议的某些结果。认识到这些影响可能有助于改进IRB的决策。
