Asthma, Allergy and Inflammation Branch, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-6601, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2011 Jul;242(1):106-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01025.x.
The innate immune system consists of multiple cell types that express germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Allergens are frequently found in forms and mixtures that contain PAMPs and DAMPs. The innate immune system is interposed between the external environment and the internal acquired immune system. It is also an integral part of the airways, gut, and skin. These tissues face continuous exposure to allergens, PAMPs, and DAMPs. Interaction of allergens with the innate immune system normally results in immune tolerance but, in the case of allergic disease, this interaction induces recurring and/or chronic inflammation as well as the loss of immunologic tolerance. Upon activation by allergens, the innate immune response commits the acquired immune response to a variety of outcomes mediated by distinct T-cell subsets, such as T-helper 2, regulatory T, or T-helper 17 cells. New studies highlighted in this review underscore the close relationship between allergens, the innate immune system, and the acquired immune system that promotes homeostasis versus allergic disease.
先天免疫系统由多种表达种系编码模式识别受体的细胞类型组成，这些受体识别病原体相关分子模式 (PAMPs) 或危险相关分子模式 (DAMPs)。过敏原通常以包含 PAMPs 和 DAMPs 的形式和混合物存在。先天免疫系统位于外部环境和内部获得性免疫系统之间。它也是气道、肠道和皮肤的重要组成部分。这些组织不断暴露于过敏原、PAMPs 和 DAMPs。过敏原与先天免疫系统的相互作用通常会导致免疫耐受，但在过敏疾病的情况下，这种相互作用会诱导反复和/或慢性炎症以及免疫耐受的丧失。过敏原激活后，先天免疫反应会促使获得性免疫反应产生各种由不同 T 细胞亚群介导的结果，如辅助性 T 细胞 2、调节性 T 细胞或辅助性 T 细胞 17 细胞。本综述强调了过敏原、先天免疫系统和获得性免疫系统之间的密切关系，这种关系促进了体内平衡与过敏疾病。
