University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
J Affect Disord. 2011 Nov;134(1-3):438-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.05.042. Epub 2011 Jun 16.
This research aimed to test whether positive, negative, or conflicting appraisals about activated mood states (e.g., energetic and high states) predicted bipolar disorder.
A sample of individuals from clinical and control groups (171 with bipolar disorder, 42 with unipolar depression, and 64 controls) completed a measure of appraisals of internal states.
High negative appraisals related to a higher likelihood of bipolar disorder irrespective of positive appraisals. High positive appraisals related to a higher likelihood of bipolar disorder only when negative appraisals were also high. Individuals were most likely to have bipolar disorder, as opposed to unipolar depression or no diagnosis, when they endorsed both extremely positive and extremely negative appraisals of the same, activated states.
Appraisals of internal states were based on self-report.
The results indicate that individuals with bipolar disorder tend to appraise activated, energetic internal states in opposing or conflicting ways, interpreting these states as both extremely positive and extremely negative. This may lead to contradictory attempts to regulate these states, which may in turn contribute to mood swing symptoms. Psychological therapy for mood swings and bipolar disorder should address extreme and conflicting appraisals of mood states.
本研究旨在测试对激活情绪状态（如精力充沛和兴奋状态）的积极、消极或矛盾评价是否会预测双相情感障碍。
一组来自临床和对照组的个体（171 名双相情感障碍患者、42 名单相抑郁患者和 64 名对照组）完成了对内部状态评价的测量。
高度消极评价与更高的双相情感障碍可能性相关，而不管积极评价如何。高度积极评价与更高的双相情感障碍可能性相关，仅当消极评价也很高时。当个体对同一激活状态既高度积极又高度消极地评价时，他们最有可能患有双相情感障碍，而不是单相抑郁或没有诊断。
内部状态的评价基于自我报告。
结果表明，双相情感障碍患者倾向于以对立或矛盾的方式评价激活的、精力充沛的内部状态，将这些状态解释为既非常积极又非常消极。这可能导致对这些状态进行矛盾的调节尝试，从而导致情绪波动症状。针对情绪波动和双相情感障碍的心理治疗应解决情绪状态的极端和矛盾评价。
