Abedon Stephen T
Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University; Mansfield, OH USA.
Bacteriophage. 2011 Jan;1(1):46-49. doi: 10.4161/bact.1.1.13980.
In this commentary I consider use of the term "lysis from without" (LO) along with the phenomenon's biological relevance. LO originally described an early bacterial lysis induced by high-multiplicity virion adsorption and that occurs without phage production (here indicated as LO(V)). Notably, this is more than just high phage multiplicities of adsorption leading to bacterial killing. The action on bacteria of exogenously supplied phage lysin, too, has been described as a form of LO (here, LO(L)). LO(V) has been somewhat worked out mechanistically for T4 phages, has been used to elucidate various phage-associated phenomena including discovery of the phage eclipse, may be relevant to phage ecology, and, with resistance to LO (LO(R)), is blocked by certain phage gene products. Speculation as to the impact of LO(V) on phage therapy also is fairly common. Since LO(V) assays are relatively easily performed and not all phages are able to induce LO(V), a phage's potential to lyse bacteria without first infecting should be subject to at least in vitro experimental confirmation before the LO(V) label is applied. The term "abortive infection" may be used more generally to describe non-productive phage infections that kill bacteria.
在这篇评论中，我探讨了“体外裂解”（lysis from without，LO）这一术语的使用及其生物学意义。LO最初描述的是由高倍感染复数的病毒体吸附所诱导的早期细菌裂解，且该过程不产生噬菌体（此处表示为LO(V)）。值得注意的是，这不仅仅是高倍数的噬菌体吸附导致细菌死亡。外源提供的噬菌体溶素对细菌的作用也被描述为一种LO形式（此处为LO(L)）。对于T4噬菌体，LO(V)的作用机制已得到一定程度的研究，它已被用于阐明各种与噬菌体相关的现象，包括噬菌体隐蔽期的发现，可能与噬菌体生态学相关，并且与对LO的抗性（LO(R)）一样，会被某些噬菌体基因产物所阻断。关于LO(V)对噬菌体治疗影响的推测也相当普遍。由于LO(V)检测相对容易进行，且并非所有噬菌体都能诱导LO(V)，在应用LO(V)这一标签之前，噬菌体在不先感染的情况下裂解细菌的潜力至少应经过体外实验证实。“流产感染”这一术语可能更广泛地用于描述杀死细菌的非生产性噬菌体感染。
