Zhang Yu, Piao Dongri, Xu Qingqing, Fan Yu, Zhao Hongyan, Li Kun, Tian Guozhong, Han Kuo, Jiang Hai
National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Apr 30;16:1550801. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550801. eCollection 2025.
This study comprehensively examined three phages (A1, NMY-1, and NMY-2) isolated from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Electron microscopy classified them as short-tailed phages. A1 and NMY-1 lysed smooth strains of , , and , while NMY-2 lysed rough strains of and . The optimal multiplicity of infection for A1, NMY-1, and NMY-2 was lower than that of Tb. A1 and NMY-2 had short growth cycles, and NMY-1 had a long one. All three phages showed high stability against temperature, pH, and ultraviolet exposure. Their genomes were double-stranded DNA, about 38 kb long with a 48% GC content. For each phage, 53 genes were predicted, with no drug-resistance, virulence, or lysogenic genes identified. SNP and InDel analysis revealed significant differences in genes encoding hypothesized tail-collar proteins. Based on SNP data, the phylogenetic tree indicated that phage Bk (GenBank: KC556893) was the closest relative of A1, NMY-1, and NMY-2. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of phage diversity, which is crucial for developing phage-based biocontrol strategies. The host-lysis spectra can guide the selection of effective phages for treating infections. The absence of harmful genes makes these phages potential safe candidates for phage therapy. Moreover, the genetic and phylogenetic insights support further research on phage evolution and classification.
本研究全面检测了从内蒙古自治区分离出的三种噬菌体（A1、NMY - 1和NMY - 2）。电子显微镜将它们归类为短尾噬菌体。A1和NMY - 1可裂解 、 和 的光滑菌株，而NMY - 2可裂解 和 的粗糙菌株。A1、NMY - 1和NMY - 2的最佳感染复数低于Tb。A1和NMY - 2的生长周期短，而NMY - 1的生长周期长。这三种噬菌体在温度、pH值和紫外线照射下均表现出高稳定性。它们的基因组为双链DNA，长度约为38 kb，GC含量为48%。对于每种噬菌体，预测有53个基因，未发现耐药、毒力或溶原性基因。SNP和InDel分析显示，在编码假定尾领蛋白的基因上存在显著差异。基于SNP数据的系统发育树表明，噬菌体Bk（GenBank：KC556893）是A1、NMY - 1和NMY - 2的最亲近亲缘种。这些发现显著增强了我们对噬菌体多样性的理解，这对于开发基于噬菌体的生物防治策略至关重要。宿主裂解谱可指导选择有效的噬菌体来治疗 感染。有害基因的缺失使这些噬菌体成为噬菌体治疗的潜在安全候选者。此外，遗传和系统发育方面的见解支持对噬菌体进化和分类的进一步研究。
