van der Kuyl Antoinette Cornelia, Cornelissen Marion, Berkhout Ben
Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Microbiol. 2011 Jan 17;1:147. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2010.00147. eCollection 2010.
The novel human retrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is arguably the most controversial virus of this moment. After its original discovery in prostate cancer tissue from North American patients, it was subsequently detected in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome from the same continent. However, most other research groups, mainly from Europe, reported negative results. The positive results could possibly be attributed to contamination with mouse products in a number of cases, as XMRV is nearly identical in nucleotide sequence to endogenous retroviruses in the mouse genome. But the detection of integrated XMRV proviruses in prostate cancer tissue proves it to be a genuine virus that replicates in human cells, leaving the question: how did XMRV enter the human population? We will discuss two possible routes: either via direct virus transmission from mouse to human, as repeatedly seen for, e.g., Hantaviruses, or via the use of mouse-related products by humans, including vaccines. We hypothesize that mouse cells or human cell lines used for vaccine production could have been contaminated with a replicating variant of the XMRV precursors encoded by the mouse genome.
新型人类逆转录病毒嗜异性小鼠白血病病毒相关病毒（XMRV）可以说是当下最具争议的病毒。最初在北美患者的前列腺癌组织中发现它之后，随后在来自同一大陆的慢性疲劳综合征患者中也检测到了该病毒。然而，其他大多数研究团队，主要来自欧洲，报告的结果却是阴性。在一些案例中，阳性结果可能归因于小鼠制品的污染，因为XMRV在核苷酸序列上与小鼠基因组中的内源性逆转录病毒几乎相同。但是在前列腺癌组织中检测到整合的XMRV前病毒证明它是一种能在人类细胞中复制的真正病毒，这就留下了一个问题：XMRV是如何进入人类群体的？我们将讨论两种可能的途径：要么是像汉坦病毒那样多次出现的从老鼠直接传播给人类的病毒传播方式，要么是人类使用与老鼠相关的制品，包括疫苗。我们推测，用于疫苗生产的小鼠细胞或人类细胞系可能被小鼠基因组编码的XMRV前体的复制变体污染了。
