Janse van Rensburg A, Janse van Rensburg A B R
Department of Architecture, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 2011 May;14(2):112-9. doi: 10.4314/ajpsy.v14i2.2.
This is the third of three reports on the follow-up review of mental health care at Helen Joseph Hospital (HJH). The study reviewed existing South African standards for mental health care facilities. Architectural principles and implications for the use of space were deducted from recent legislation. Objectives were to evaluate the use of space in the existing physical facilities, to identify appropriate architectural solutions considering identified human rights requirements and to provide provisional cost estimates to align the unit towards its designated functions.
Personal interviews were conducted. An on-site assessment and survey was made of existing and potential new spaces.
Spatial requirements for implementing the Mental Health Act, No. 17 of 2002 (MHCA) were explored. Principles for spatial design of acute facilities include that: - spaces should communicate clear individual identity; - space should be segregated into zones according to user functionality and privacy; - communal leisure spaces should open into safe contained outdoor spaces; - circulation routes should preferably be circular; - sufficient visual connection should exist between circulation space and group activities; and - open lines of sight should be provided to all access points. The potential options for extension included: - an extensive unused single storey structural shell for a potential office wing on the same floor; - a huge vacant double volume space which could be accessed across the existing flat roof for potential occupational therapy activities; and - the existing roof area could be altered and secured to become an adequate outside leisure and garden area. A proposed concept design in two phases - based on these principles - was submitted to hospital and provincial management.
To implement the MHCA without violating the human rights of mental health care users at HJH will require specific adjustment and extension of the current use of space at HJH.
这是关于海伦·约瑟夫医院（HJH）精神卫生保健随访审查的三篇报告中的第三篇。该研究回顾了南非现有的精神卫生保健设施标准。从近期立法中推导了建筑原则及空间使用的影响因素。目标是评估现有实体设施的空间使用情况，考虑已确定的人权要求确定合适的建筑解决方案，并提供临时成本估算以使该单位符合其指定功能。
进行了个人访谈。对现有和潜在的新空间进行了现场评估和调查。
探讨了实施2002年第17号《精神卫生法》（MHCA）的空间要求。急性病设施的空间设计原则包括：——空间应传达清晰的个体特征；——应根据用户功能和隐私将空间划分为不同区域；——公共休闲空间应通向安全的封闭室外空间；——流通路线最好应为环形；——流通空间与集体活动之间应存在足够的视觉联系；——应提供通向所有入口点的开放视线。扩建的潜在方案包括：——同一楼层有一个大面积未使用的单层结构外壳，可作为潜在的办公区；——一个巨大的空置双层空间，可通过现有平屋顶进入，用于潜在的职业治疗活动；——现有屋顶区域可进行改造并加以防护，成为一个合适的室外休闲和花园区域。基于这些原则，分两个阶段提出了一个概念设计方案，并提交给了医院和省级管理层。
要在不侵犯HJH精神卫生保健使用者人权的情况下实施MHCA，将需要对HJH目前的空间使用进行具体调整和扩建。
