Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2011 Dec;37(6):1924-38. doi: 10.1037/a0024322. Epub 2011 Jun 20.
In the boundary change paradigm (Rayner, 1975), when a reader's eyes cross an invisible boundary location, a preview word is replaced by a target word. Readers are generally unaware of such changes due to saccadic suppression. However, some readers detect changes on a few trials and a small percentage of them detect many changes. Two experiments are reported in which we combined eye movement data with signal detection analyses to investigate display change detection. On each trial, readers had to indicate if they saw a display change in addition to reading for meaning. On half the trials the display change occurred during the saccade (immediate condition); on the other half, it was slowed by 15-25 ms (delay condition) to increase the likelihood that a change would be detected. Sentences were presented in an alternating case fashion allowing us to investigate the influence of both letter identity and case. In the immediate condition, change detection was higher when letters changed than when case changed corroborating findings that word processing utilizes abstract (case independent) letter identities. However, in the delay condition (where d' was much higher than the immediate condition), detection was equal for letter and case changes. The results of both experiments indicate that sensitivity to display changes was related to how close the eyes were to the invalid preview on the fixation prior to the display change, as well as the timing of the completion of this change relative to the start of the post-change fixation.
在边界变化范式（Rayner，1975）中，当读者的眼睛越过一个不可见的边界位置时，一个预览词会被目标词所取代。由于眼跳抑制，读者通常不会意识到这种变化。然而，一些读者在几次试验中会检测到变化，其中一小部分人会检测到很多变化。我们报告了两个实验，在这些实验中，我们将眼动数据与信号检测分析结合起来，以研究显示变化检测。在每次试验中，读者除了阅读以获取意义外，还必须指出他们是否看到了显示变化。在一半的试验中，显示变化发生在眼跳期间（即时条件）；在另一半试验中，它被延迟了 15-25 毫秒（延迟条件），以增加检测到变化的可能性。句子以交替大小写的方式呈现，允许我们调查字母身份和大小写的影响。在即时条件下，当字母发生变化时，变化检测的准确率高于当大小写发生变化时，这证实了单词处理利用抽象（与大小写无关）的字母身份的发现。然而，在延迟条件下（d'远高于即时条件），字母和大小写变化的检测准确率相等。这两个实验的结果都表明，对显示变化的敏感性与眼睛在显示变化前的固定点上接近无效预览的程度以及该变化相对于后固定点开始的完成时间有关。
