Department of Radiologic Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Clin Liver Dis. 2011 May;15(2):335-52, vii-x. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2011.03.014.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most commonly seen in patients with cirrhosis. Criteria for diagnosis include arterial-phase enhancement, venous-phase washout, and a capsule on delayed sequences. Tiny HCC are best detected with magnetic resonance imaging using the new hepatocyte-specific gadolinium agents; otherwise, short-term follow up versus biopsy is considered. Diffuse HCC can be difficult to diagnose because of the inherent heterogeneous hepatic parenchyma in cirrhosis, however, portal vein expansion due to thrombosis is a helpful sign.
肝细胞癌（HCC）最常发生于肝硬化患者。诊断标准包括动脉期增强、静脉期洗脱以及延迟期包膜。新型肝细胞特异性钆造影剂有助于磁共振成像检测微小 HCC；否则，建议短期随访而非活检。弥漫性 HCC 由于肝硬化固有肝实质的异质性而难以诊断，但由于血栓形成导致门静脉扩张是一个有用的征象。
