Risk and Safety Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2011 Nov;14(6):547-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.05.006.
In rugby union football the tackle is the most frequently executed skill and one most associated with injury, including shoulder injury to the tackler. Despite the importance of the tackle, little is known about the magnitude of shoulder forces in the tackle and influencing factors. The objectives of the study were to measure the shoulder force in the tackle, as well as the effects of shoulder padding, skill level, side of body, player size, and experimental setting on shoulder force. Experiments were conducted in laboratory and field settings using a repeated measures design. Thirty-five participants were recruited to the laboratory and 98 to the field setting. All were male aged over 18 years with rugby experience. The maximum force applied to the shoulder in an active shoulder tackle was measured with a custom built forceplate incorporated into a 45 kg tackle bag. The overall average maximum shoulder force was 1660 N in the laboratory and 1997 N in the field. This difference was significant. The shoulder force for tackling without shoulder pads was 1684 N compared to 1635 N with shoulder pads. There was no difference between the shoulder forces on the dominant and non-dominant sides. Shoulder force reduced with tackle repetition. No relationship was observed between player skill level and size. A substantial force can be applied to the shoulder and to an opponent in the tackle. This force is within the shoulder's injury tolerance range and is unaffected by shoulder pads.
在橄榄球运动中，擒抱是最常执行的技能，也是最容易导致受伤的技能之一，包括擒抱者的肩部受伤。尽管擒抱很重要，但对于擒抱中的肩部力量以及影响因素知之甚少。本研究的目的是测量擒抱中的肩部力量，以及肩部垫的影响、技能水平、身体侧面、球员体型和实验设置对肩部力量的影响。实验在实验室和现场环境中进行，采用重复测量设计。有 35 名参与者在实验室和 98 名参与者在现场进行了研究。所有参与者均为男性，年龄超过 18 岁，有橄榄球经验。通过将定制的测力板集成到 45 公斤的擒抱袋中，测量主动肩部擒抱中施加到肩部的最大力。实验室中的总体平均最大肩部力为 1660N，现场为 1997N。这一差异具有统计学意义。无肩垫的擒抱肩部最大力为 1684N，有肩垫的为 1635N。肩垫对优势侧和非优势侧的肩部力量没有影响。随着擒抱重复次数的增加，肩部力量会降低。球员技能水平和体型与肩部力量之间没有关系。在擒抱中，肩部和对手可能会受到很大的力。这种力在肩部的耐受范围内，不受肩垫的影响。
