Center for Medical Ethics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
J Med Ethics. 2012 Jan;38(1):18-21. doi: 10.1136/jme.2011.043646. Epub 2011 Jun 20.
This paper makes two main claims: first, that the need to protect health professionals' moral integrity is what grounds the right to conscientious objection in health care; and second, that for a given claim of conscientious objection to be acceptable to society, a certain set of criteria should be fulfilled. The importance of moral integrity for individuals and society, including its special role in health care, is advocated. Criteria for evaluating the acceptability of claims to conscientious objection are outlined. The precise content of the criteria is dictated by the two main interests that are at stake in the dilemma of conscientious objection: the patient's interests and the health professional's moral integrity. Alternative criteria proposed by other authors are challenged. The bold claim is made that conscientious objection should be recognised by society as acceptable whenever the five main criteria of the proposed set are met.
首先，保护医疗专业人员道德操守的必要性是医疗保健中凭良心拒诊权的基础；其次，为了使对凭良心拒诊的特定主张得到社会认可，应该满足一定的标准。本文主张个人和社会的道德操守的重要性，包括其在医疗保健中的特殊作用。概述了评估凭良心拒诊主张的可接受性的标准。这些标准的具体内容取决于凭良心拒诊困境中涉及的两个主要利益：患者的利益和医疗专业人员的道德操守。对其他作者提出的替代标准提出了挑战。大胆主张，只要满足所提议标准集的五个主要标准，社会就应该承认凭良心拒诊是可以接受的。
