Department of Kinesiology, Wisconsin Injury in Sport Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012 Feb;20(2):361-7. doi: 10.1007/s00167-011-1577-y. Epub 2011 Jun 22.
Hormonal fluctuations are one potential reason why females might have a greater rate of noncontact ACL injury. The hamstrings are capable of limiting anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading. This study examined whether relationships existed between reproductive hormones (estradiol-β-17, free testosterone, and progesterone) and hamstring neuromechanical variables (hamstring musculotendinous stiffness (MTS), rate of force production (RFP), time to 50% peak torque (T50%), and electromechanical delay (EMD)) in genders combined and independently.
Muscle properties of the hamstrings and reproductive hormones were evaluated in 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) that were free from lower extremity injury and had no history of ACL injury. Females were tested 3-5 days after the onset of menses and were not using oral contraceptive. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for each hormone and muscle property.
For genders combined, estrogen (mean = 46.0 ± 28.2 pg/mL) was negatively correlated with RFP (mean = 758.8 ± 507.6 N/kg s(-1), r = -0.43, P = 0.02) and MTS (mean = 12.8 ± 2.6 N/cm, r = -0.43, P = 0.02). Free testosterone (mean = 13.2 ± 13.0 pg/mL) was positively correlated with RFP (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) and MTS (r = 0.46, P = 0.01) but negatively correlated with T50% (mean = 114.7 ± 38.9 ms, r = -0.43, P = 0.02). When gender was considered separately, females demonstrated negative correlation between estrogen (mean = 68.0 ± 23.2 pg/mL) and MTS (mean = 11.7 ± 1.5 N/cm, r = -0.53, P = 0.05) and free testosterone (mean = 1.5 ± 0.6 pg/mL) and MTS (r = -0.52, P = 0.05). Males alone displayed no significant correlations between the selected hormones and muscle properties.
Correlations exist between muscle properties and reproductive hormones. Females, however, may be more sensitive to reproductive hormones and their fluctuations.
激素波动可能是女性非接触性 ACL 损伤发生率较高的一个潜在原因。腘绳肌能够限制前交叉韧带（ACL）的负荷。本研究旨在探讨生殖激素（雌二醇-β-17、游离睾酮和孕酮）与腘绳肌神经肌肉变量（腘绳肌肌肌腱硬度（MTS）、力产生速率（RFP）、达到 50%峰值扭矩的时间（T50%）和电机械延迟（EMD））之间是否存在关系，并分别在男女两性中进行了研究。
对 30 名无下肢损伤且无 ACL 损伤史的受试者（15 名男性和 15 名女性）的腘绳肌肌肉特性和生殖激素进行了评估。女性在月经开始后 3-5 天接受测试，且未服用口服避孕药。计算了每个激素和肌肉特性之间的 Pearson 相关系数。
在两性中，雌激素（均值=46.0±28.2pg/mL）与 RFP（均值=758.8±507.6N/kg·s(-1)，r=-0.43，P=0.02）和 MTS（均值=12.8±2.6N/cm，r=-0.43，P=0.02）呈负相关。游离睾酮（均值=13.2±13.0pg/mL）与 RFP（r=0.56，P<0.01）和 MTS（r=0.46，P=0.01）呈正相关，但与 T50%（均值=114.7±38.9ms，r=-0.43，P=0.02）呈负相关。当考虑到性别差异时，女性的雌激素（均值=68.0±23.2pg/mL）与 MTS（均值=11.7±1.5N/cm，r=-0.53，P=0.05）和游离睾酮（均值=1.5±0.6pg/mL）与 MTS（r=-0.52，P=0.05）之间存在负相关。男性中，所选激素与肌肉特性之间没有显著相关性。
肌肉特性与生殖激素之间存在相关性。然而，女性可能对生殖激素及其波动更为敏感。
