Center on Addiction, Learning, Memory, Department of Neuroscience, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2011 Jul;34(7):383-92. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.05.001. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
Although the addictive influence of tobacco was recognized very early, the modern concepts of nicotine addiction have relied on knowledge of cholinergic neurotransmission and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The discovery of the 'receptive substance' by Langley, that would turn out to be nAChRs, and 'Vagusstoff' (acetylcholine) by Loewi, coincided with an exciting time when the concept of chemical synaptic transmission was being formulated. More recently, the application of more powerful techniques and the study of animal models that replicate key features of nicotine dependence have led to important advancements in our understanding of molecular, cellular and systems mechanisms of nicotine addiction. In this review, we present a historical perspective and overview of the research that has led to our present understanding of nicotine addiction.
虽然烟草的成瘾影响很早就被认识到,但尼古丁成瘾的现代概念依赖于对胆碱能神经传递和烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)的了解。兰利发现的“接受物质”,后来被证明是 nAChRs,以及洛伊发现的“迷走神经物质”(乙酰胆碱),恰逢化学突触传递概念被提出的激动人心的时期。最近,更强大的技术的应用和对复制尼古丁依赖关键特征的动物模型的研究,导致我们对尼古丁成瘾的分子、细胞和系统机制的理解取得了重要进展。在这篇综述中,我们呈现了一个历史视角,并概述了导致我们目前对尼古丁成瘾理解的研究。