UR251 Physicochimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'Agrosystèmes Contaminés, INRA, Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France.
Environ Toxicol. 2012 Mar;27(3):129-36. doi: 10.1002/tox.20623. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Livestock slurry containing antibiotics is a source of contamination of agricultural soils, with possible effects on soil function and micro-organisms. Extracellular oxido-reductases and hydrolases from the fungus T. versicolor and fungal growth were monitored in liquid cultures in the presence of tetracycline, lincomycine, sulfadiazine and ciprofloxacin for 10 days, in order to assess the suitability of these enzymes as biomarkers. Among the conditions of treatment, statistical analysis demonstrated an increase in manganese-dependent peroxidase after exposure to sulfadiazine at 1 mg/L when compared with the control. Acid phosphatase activity was decreased by lincomycine at 1 or 10 mg/L. Conversely, β-glucosidase activity increased in the presence of this antibiotic at 10 mg/L. In Terrestrial Model Ecosystems spiked with contaminated pig slurry, lincomycine at the concentration of 8 or 80 μg/kg dry soil, and ciprofloxacin at 250 ng/kg dry soil decreased the activity of soil dehydrogenase, when compared with a green slurry treatment, over 28-day incubations. Laccase activity was similarly decreased in the presence of the highest concentration of antibiotics. We determined bacterial and fungal biomasses using Q-PCR. Bacterial biomass was increased in the presence of lincomycine at 80 μg/kg whatever the time of exposure, and to a lesser extent in the presence of ciprofloxacin at 250 ng/kg, but only at day 28. In contrast, both antibiotics, whatever their concentrations, did not modify fungal biomass in soil. In conclusion, we were unable to demonstrate important effects of antibiotics at concentrations found in the agricultural environment.
含有抗生素的牲畜粪浆是农业土壤污染的一个来源，可能对土壤功能和微生物产生影响。在含有四环素、林可霉素、磺胺嘧啶和环丙沙星的液体培养基中，监测了真菌 T. versicolor 的细胞外氧化还原酶和水解酶以及真菌生长 10 天，以评估这些酶作为生物标志物的适用性。在处理条件中，统计分析表明，与对照相比，在 1mg/L 磺胺嘧啶暴露后，锰依赖性过氧化物酶增加。林可霉素在 1 或 10mg/L 时降低了酸性磷酸酶活性。相反，在 10mg/L 时，β-葡萄糖苷酶活性在该抗生素存在的情况下增加。在添加了受污染猪粪浆的陆地模型生态系统中，与绿色粪浆处理相比，在 8 或 80μg/kg 干土的林可霉素和 250ng/kg 干土的环丙沙星存在下，土壤脱氢酶的活性在 28 天的孵育过程中降低。在存在最高浓度抗生素的情况下，漆酶活性也同样降低。我们使用 Q-PCR 确定了细菌和真菌生物量。在 80μg/kg 林可霉素存在下，无论暴露时间如何，细菌生物量都增加，而在 250ng/kg 环丙沙星存在下则增加较少，但仅在第 28 天。相比之下，无论抗生素浓度如何，这两种抗生素都不会改变土壤中的真菌生物量。总之，我们无法证明在农业环境中发现的抗生素浓度会产生重要影响。
