Human Systems Integration Section, Defence Research and Development Canada-Toronto, 1133 Sheppard Ave. W., P.O. Box 2000, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3M 3B9.
Hum Factors. 2011 Apr;53(2):154-67. doi: 10.1177/0018720811399757.
The effect of viewpoint on the navigation of complex terrain and on spatial awareness was examined with the use of a simulated remotely operated vehicle.
The ability to build terrain models in real time may soon allow remote vehicular control from any viewpoint. A virtual tether couples the viewpoint to the vehicle's position and orientation, but shows more of the terrain than a fully immersive egocentric display. In this sense, it provides visual momentum by providing a view that incorporates egocentric and exocentric qualities.
For this study, 12 participants navigated a simulated vehicle across complex virtual terrain using five different display viewpoints: egocentric, dynamic tether, rigid tether, 3-D exocentric, and 2-D exocentric. While navigating, participants had to avoid being seen by simulated enemy units. After the navigation task, participants' spatial awareness was assessed using a recognition task.
The tethered displays minimized the time during which the participant's vehicle was visible to enemy positions. The egocentric display was more effective than exocentric displays (2-D or 3-D) for navigation, and the exocentric displays were more effective than egocentric for time seen during navigation and the recognition task. The tethered displays produced intermediate results for navigation and recognition.
Viewpoint tethering produced the most effective displays for minimizing time seen, but tethered displays were less effective than egocentric and exocentric displays for navigation and recognition, respectively.
A tethered display is recommended for applications in which it is necessary to understand the relation of nearby locations to one's own location.
使用模拟远程操作车辆来检查视点对复杂地形导航和空间意识的影响。
实时构建地形模型的能力可能很快允许从任何视点远程控制车辆。虚拟系绳将视点与车辆的位置和方向耦合，但显示的地形比完全沉浸式的自我中心显示更多。从这个意义上说，它通过提供包含自我中心和外部中心特性的视图来提供视觉动力。
在这项研究中，12 名参与者使用五种不同的显示视点（自我中心、动态系绳、刚性系绳、3D 外部中心和 2D 外部中心）在复杂的虚拟地形上导航模拟车辆。在导航过程中，参与者必须避免被模拟的敌方单位看到。导航任务完成后，参与者使用识别任务评估其空间意识。
系绳显示将参与者的车辆被敌方位置看到的时间最小化。与外部中心显示（2D 或 3D）相比，自我中心显示在导航方面更有效，而外部中心显示在导航和识别任务中被看到的时间方面更有效。系绳显示在导航和识别方面产生了中间结果。
视点系绳产生了最有效的显示，以最小化被看到的时间，但系绳显示在导航和识别方面分别比自我中心和外部中心显示更有效。
在需要了解附近位置与自身位置的关系的应用中，建议使用系绳显示。
