Sleep Disorders Center, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2011 Jun;5(3):425-40. doi: 10.1586/ers.11.7.
The clinical syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) in children is a distinct, yet somewhat overlapping disorder with the condition that occurs in adults, such that the clinical manifestations, polysomnographic findings, diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches need to be considered in an age-specific manner. Childhood OSAS has now become widely recognized as a frequent disorder and as a major public health problem. Pediatric OSAS, particularly when obesity is concurrently present, is associated with substantial end-organ morbidities and increased healthcare utilization. Although adenotonsillectomy (T&A) remains the first line of treatment, evidence in recent years suggests that the outcomes of this surgical procedure may not be as favorable as expected, such that post-T&A polysomnographic evaluation may be needed, especially in high-risk patient groups. In addition, incorporation of nonsurgical approaches for milder forms of the disorder and for residual OSAS after T&A is now being investigated.
儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSAS）的临床综合征是一种与成人发生的疾病明显不同但又有一定重叠的疾病，因此需要以年龄特异性的方式考虑其临床表现、多导睡眠图发现、诊断标准和治疗方法。儿童 OSAS 现在已被广泛认为是一种常见疾病，也是一个主要的公共卫生问题。儿科 OSAS，特别是当肥胖症同时存在时，与实质性的终末器官疾病和增加的医疗保健利用有关。虽然腺样体扁桃体切除术（T&A）仍然是一线治疗方法，但近年来的证据表明，这种手术的结果可能并不如预期的那样有利，因此可能需要在手术后进行多导睡眠图评估，特别是在高危患者群体中。此外，现在正在研究将非手术方法用于更温和形式的疾病和 T&A 后残留的 OSAS。
